The Effect of Oral Probiotic on the Interleukin-10 Serum Levels of Acne Vulgaris

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that commonly found in pilosebaceous units which can have an impact on the patient’s psychological burden. The relationship between dermatology and mental health is increasingly understood by the evidence shows that functional integrity and microbes in the gastrointestinal tract may play a role in mediating skin inflammation and emotional behaviour. The gut-brain-skin theory was first described in 1930 by Stokes and Pillsbury, became the basis of many current studies that look for clinical implications of the relationship between the gastrointestinal tract, brain and skin in acne vulgaris. Probiotics are live microorganisms which can provide a healthy effect to the hosts when consumed in adequate amounts.
 AIM: To determine the effect of oral probiotic on the interleukin-10 serum levels in acne vulgaris and also to determine the side effect of oral probiotic on acne vulgaris.
 METHODS: This is a pre-experimental clinical study with a pretest-posttest design involving 33 subjects with acne vulgaris. The subjects in this study were measured for IL-10 serum levels before and after oral probiotic was given for 30 days. This research has been approved by the Health Research Ethics Commission of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara.
 RESULTS: This study found an increase in serum IL-10 levels after oral probiotic in acne vulgaris. The value of serum IL-10 levels before oral probiotic administration was 5.27 ± 1.49 pg/ml, while the value of serum IL-10 levels after oral probiotic administration was 6.19 ± 1.68 pg/ml) with p values obtained through Wilcoxon test was 0,0001 (p < 0.05). The side effect of oral probiotic found in this study is bloating that was found in 2 subjects within the first week using oral probiotic.
 CONCLUSION: Oral probiotic trigger elevated IL-10 serum levels of acne vulgaris. This study supports previous studies that suggested oral probiotic can be considered as adjuvant acne vulgaris therapy and its side effect is quite safe and tolerable.

Microbiome Modulation as a Therapeutic Approach in Chronic Skin Diseases

“…A clinical trial investigating oral supplementation of L. rhamnosus SP1 (LSP1) had been reported to bring health benefits to the patients such as LSP1 normalized skin expression of genes involved in insulin signalling and an improvement in the appearance of adult acne [127]. However, a mix of B. lactis W51, B. lactis W52, L. acidophilus W55, L. casei W56, L. salivarius W57, and L. lactis W58 was reported to be a trigger for elevated IL-10 serum levels [129]. The results concerning oral prebiotics supplementation remain more consistent, as both lactoferrin as well as GOS and FOS were associated with positive effects [35,128].…”

A eficácia terapêutica dos probióticos na acne: revisão integrativa

“…Assim, é importante destacar que os probióticos são microrganismos vivos que, quando consumidos em quantidades adequadas, podem apresentar efeito positivo com repercussões saudáveis nos pacientes (Fuchs-Tarlovsky, et al, 2016). Além disso, os probióticos têm sido extensivamente investigados devido aos efeitos no sistema gastrointestinal e na função digestiva, mas esses microrganismos podem ser aplicados de forma mais ampla com base nas evidências da teoria intestino-cérebro-pele, que foi declarada há 80 anos (Rahmayani, et al, 2019).…”

“…Estudos corroboram com a ideia de que certas cepas de Lactobacillus mantêm os hábitos intestinais do indivíduo em relação ao placebo quando administradas durante o uso de antibióticos para uma infecção do trato respiratório (Song et al, 2010;Jung et al, 2013;Rahmayani, et al, 2019). Portanto, o tratamento medicamentoso da acne com a administração concomitante de probióticos pode reduzir os efeitos adversos gastrointestinais intoleráveis, melhorando a adesão do paciente (Jung et al, 2013).…”

“…Os demais trabalhos não utilizaram critérios de inclusão por distinção de sexo/gênero. Foram realizados dois estudos de intervenção (Paetzold et al, 2019;Fabbrocini et al, 2016), um estudo clínico (Rahmayani, et al, 2019) e um randomizado (Jung et al, 2013). Dos quatro estudos, dois estudos dividiram os sujeitos em grupos de intervenção (Jung et al, 2013;Fabbrocini et al, 2016), e os outros dois estudos utilizaram apenas em indivíduos saudáveis (Paetzold et al, 2019) e indivíduos com acne (Rahmayani, et al, 2019).…”

Acne, Microbiome, and Probiotics: The Gut–Skin Axis

“…Recently, Rahmayani et al investigated the effects of a probiotic mixture administered orally on IL-10 levels in 33 acne patients after 30 days of treatment [ 129 ]. The probiotic mixture contained the strains Bifidobacterium lactis W51, Bifidobacterium lactis W52, Lactobacillus acidophilus W55, Lactobacillus casei W56, Lactobacillus salivarius W57, and Lactococcus lactis W58.…”