The Effect of Omitting Botulinum Toxin From the Lower Eyelid in Blepharospasm Treatment

Frueh, Bartley R.; Nelson, Christine C.; Kapustiak, James; Musch, David C.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(14)76386-x

Cited by 31 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…230 By omitting injections into this area of the lower lid, diplopia is minimized. 80 The anatomy of the eyelid and face, with the proximity of the levator superioris muscle to the orbicularis oculi muscle, makes ptosis one of the most frequent complications, affecting from 10 -20% of patients. 69 The OO muscle is approximately 1 mm thick with a loose connective tissue fascial plane below it.…”

Section: Blepharospasm and Hemifacial Spasmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Botulinum toxins in neurological disease

Comella

Pullman

2004

Muscle and Nerve

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Botulinum toxins are among the most potent neurotoxins known to humans. In the past 25 years, botulinum toxin has emerged as both a potential weapon of bioterrorism and as a powerful therapeutic agent, with growing applications in neurological and non-neurological disease. Botulinum toxin is unique in its ability to target peripheral cholinergic neurons, preventing the release of acetylcholine through the enzymatic cleavage of proteins involved in membrane fusion, without prominent central nervous system effects. There are seven serotypes of the toxin, each with a specific activity at the molecular level. Currently, serotypes A (in two preparations) and B are available for clinical use, and have been shown to be safe and effective for the treatment of dystonia, spasticity, and other disorders in which muscle overactivity gives rise to symptoms. This review focuses on the pharmacology, electrophysiology, immunology, and application of botulinum toxin in selected neurological disorders.

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Section: Blepharospasm and Hemifacial Spasmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Botulinum toxins in neurological disease

Comella

Pullman

2004

Muscle and Nerve

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“…3,5,9,11,[20][21][22]28 Moreover, injections too deeply placed into the central lower eyelid have been found to increase the risk of diplopia, as the inferior oblique muscle lies just behind the septum orbitae. 11,29 Subcutaneous injections, therefore, are advisable when treating the pretarsal or preseptal portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle in order to limit the diffusion of toxin through the septum orbitae. With regard to suprabrow injections, our results show that, in order to obtain the desired effect, higher doses of BAT are not needed than those used when injecting the eyelids.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of injection sites of botulinum toxin for blepharospasm treatment: statistical analysis

Campos¹,

Bolzani²,

Schiavi³

et al. 1999

Neuro-Ophthalmology

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1999) Effect of injection sites of botulinum toxin for blepharospasm treatment: statistical analysis, Neuro-Ophthalmology, 22:1, 17-23To link to this article: http://dx.Abstract A statistical analysis was performed on the possible influence of injection sites on botulinum toxin A (BAT) treatment of essential blepharospasm. For this purpose, two groups (a total of 60 patients) were evaluated. The first group was treated with three suprabrow injections and the second one with five lid injections. The amount of BAT was the same in the two groups. Clinical results of the two different techniques appeared to be superimposable. Potentially, lid injection may induce more side effects. This was not, however, noted in our study. This is the first comparative study on the role of injection sites for BAT.

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“…According to Scott et al (4), scarring and partial removal of the orbicularis oculi may affect the absorption and diffusion of the drug, thereby possibly weakening the levator palpebrae and resulting in ptosis (4). Accoridng to the findings of a randomized, double-blind study of 26 patients with BS, Frueh et al (24) suggested avoiding toxin injection in the ''medial two thirds of the lower eyelid'' to prevent diplopia from inferior oblique weakness. The adverse effects found in this study were similar to those previously reported in the literature (25,26).…”

Section: B -P R E B -P O S T D -P O S T D -P R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox®) and AbobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport®) in Treating Essential Blepharospasm: Long Term Results

Nuhoglu¹,

Ozdemir²,

Karademir³

et al. 2016

JAREM

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Methods: A total of 100 eyes of 78 patients who were diagnosed with blepharospasm were evaluated during a retrospective, randomized, parallel group study. The severity of spasm, eyelid closing force, and functional visual status scores were used as quantitative measures of the change in clinical status. Side effects (ptosis, dry eye, ocular foreign body sensation, headache, eyelid edema, pain, and ocular irritation) were collected using a systematic questionnaire.

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The Effect of Omitting Botulinum Toxin From the Lower Eyelid in Blepharospasm Treatment

Cited by 31 publications

References 9 publications

Botulinum toxins in neurological disease

Botulinum toxins in neurological disease

Effect of injection sites of botulinum toxin for blepharospasm treatment: statistical analysis

OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox®) and AbobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport®) in Treating Essential Blepharospasm: Long Term Results

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