The effect of omega3 fatty acid supplementation on PPARγ and UCP2 expressions, resting energy expenditure, and appetite in athletes

Moradi, Sara; Alivand, Mohammad Reza; Khajebishak, Yaser; Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohamad; Alipour, Maedeh; Chilibeck, Philip D.; Alipour, Beitullah

doi:10.1186/s13102-021-00266-4

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Some studies suggested that the involvement of adiponectin in energy homeostasis probably mediated through the regulation of uncoupling proteins (UCPs), a family of transporters that present in the mitochondria inner membrane. Animal studies showed that adiponectin administration up-regulates UCP2 expression in the liver tissues of adiponectin knockout mice 58 , 59 and this may increase REE 60 , 61 . In another study, intracerebroventricular administration of adiponectin in mice induced UCP1 mRNA expression and decreasing the body weight, while not affecting the food intake 62 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors related to hypermetabolism in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Mansour

Motamed²,

Hekmatdoost³

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Considering the progressive prevalence and co-occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as well as the current evidence suggesting the elevated levels of basal metabolic rate (BMR) among these individuals, the present study aimed to identify factors determining hypermetabolism in such subjects. This cross sectional study was conducted in 30 to 53-year-old individuals with concurrent T2DM and NAFLD (controlled attenuation parameter score ≥ 260 dB/m). Resting energy expenditure (REE) was determined by an indirect calorimetry device. Hypermetabolism was defined as an elevated measured REE > 110% of the predicted REE. The multivariate logistic regression test was used for detecting factors associated with hypermetabolism. Between September, 2017, and March, 2018, a total of 95 eligible participants (64.40% male) with both T2DM and NAFLD were included, while 32.63% of them were classified as hypermetabolic. Overall, the mean recruitment age ± standard deviation and median (interquartile range) body mass index were 44.69 ± 5.47 years and 30.20 (27.80–33.30) kg/m2, respectively. Demographic, anthropometric and biochemical variables did not vary significantly across two groups except for total body water, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (p < 0.05). According to the results of multivariable logistic regression analyses, hypermetabolism had a positive association with adiponectin (odds ratio [OR] 1.167, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.015–1.342, p = 0.030), physical activity (OR 1.134, 95% CI 1.002–1.284, p = 0.046), alanine transaminase (OR 1.062, 95% CI 1.006–1.122, p = 0.031) and diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.067, 95% CI 1.010–1.127, p = 0.021). However, fat free mass was inversely related to hypermetabolism (OR 0.935, 95% CI 0.883–0.991, p = 0.023). Adiponectin, alanine transaminase, physical activity, diastolic blood pressure and fat free mass were independently associated with hypermetabolism in subjects with NAFLD and T2DM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors related to hypermetabolism in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Mansour

Motamed²,

Hekmatdoost³

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Omega-3 fatty acids improve neurological and cognitive functions, leading to enhanced interactions between neuron-muscle receptors, pronounced physical activity, and muscle contraction [ 45 ]. Omega-3 fatty acids may enhance energy metabolism in skeletal muscles to produce and consume energy efficiently [ 32 46 ], resulting in skeletal muscle mass and activity. As omega-3 fatty acids are known to enhance blood flow [ 45 ], a fluent and sufficient supply of nutrients to the muscle could lead to an increase in muscle content and mass.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength in Adults: A Systematic Review

Moon,

2023

Clin Nutr Res

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Previous studies have suggested that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, predominantly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have several health benefits. However, their effect on changes in skeletal muscle mass and strength has not been established, owing to differences in study designs. This systematic review aimed to investigate the recent evidence regarding the role of dietary EPA and DHA in muscle mass changes and their association with muscle strength. Databases including PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for randomized controlled trials and single-arm interventions that investigated the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on skeletal muscle mass, strength, and body composition in adults aged 18 years and older. A total of 18,521 studies were retrieved from the databases and manual searches; 21 studies were quality assessed, and the findings were summarized. Studies were categorized into 3 main categories according to the type of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation: pure compounds such as oil tablets, formulated forms with protein, leucine, and vitamin D, and ingredients added to enteral nutrition support products. Overall, the majority of the study results appeared to indicate that omega-3 fatty acids are beneficial for muscle health. However, meta-analysis was not conducted because of the heterogeneity of the study participants, evaluation method of muscle indices, and intervention periods among the studies. High-quality studies are required to validate our conclusions. However, this systematic review of the effects of EPA and DHA on skeletal muscle and body composition provides evidence that can be applied in both clinical and industrial settings.

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“…Whilst supplements are a convenient method of achieving a daily dose of n-3 PUFA, if not consumed with food, they are unlikely to achieve satiety the same way a portion of sardines or another oily fish would. Interestingly, several studies investigating the effects of n-3 PUFA and fish oil have demonstrated an increase in appetite in healthy and diseased individuals associated with their supplementation ( 99 , 120 , 121 ). Moreover, n-3 PUFA have been shown to possess orexigenic properties, increasing neuropeptide Y and decreased α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and serotonin receptor activity in tumour bearing anorexic rats ( 122 ).…”

Section: The Issue Of Satietymentioning

confidence: 99%

Eating more sardines instead of fish oil supplementation: Beyond omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, a matrix of nutrients with cardiovascular benefits

2023

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Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) play a significant role in the prevention and management of cardiometabolic diseases associated with a mild chronic pro-inflammatory background, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hypertriglyceridaemia, and fatty liver disease. The effects of n-3 PUFA supplements specifically, remain controversial regarding reducing risks of cardiovascular events. n-3 PUFA supplements come at a cost for the consumer and can result in polypharmacy for patients on pharmacotherapy. Sardines are a well-known, inexpensive source of n-3 PUFA and their consumption could reduce the need for n-3 PUFA supplementation. Moreover, sardines contain other cardioprotective nutrients, although further insights are crucial to translate a recommendation for sardine consumption into clinical practice. The present review discusses the matrix of nutrients contained in sardines which confer health benefits for cardiometabolism, beyond n-3 PUFA. Sardines contain calcium, potassium, magnesium, zinc, iron, taurine, arginine and other nutrients which together modulate mild inflammation and exacerbated oxidative stress observed in cardiovascular disease and in haemodynamic dysfunction. In a common serving of sardines, calcium, potassium, and magnesium are the minerals at higher amounts to elicit clinical benefits, whilst other nutrients are present in lower but valuable amounts. A pragmatic approach towards the consumption of such nutrients in the clinical scenario should be adopted to consider the dose–response relationship effects on physiological interactions. As most recommendations currently available are based on an indirect rationale of the physiological actions of the nutrients found in sardines, randomised clinical trials are warranted to expand the evidence on the benefits of sardine consumption.

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The effect of omega3 fatty acid supplementation on PPARγ and UCP2 expressions, resting energy expenditure, and appetite in athletes

Cited by 7 publications

References 84 publications

Factors related to hypermetabolism in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Factors related to hypermetabolism in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength in Adults: A Systematic Review

Eating more sardines instead of fish oil supplementation: Beyond omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, a matrix of nutrients with cardiovascular benefits

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