The effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on weight loss and cognitive function in overweight or obese individuals on weight-loss diet

Salman, Havva Banu; Salman, M. A.; Akal, Emine Yildiz

doi:10.20960/nh.03992

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In addition, it is a challenge to sustain such low-calorie diets over an extended period [ 26 ]. Studies using different dietary interventions, including increases in w –3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) but not protein intake, have been conducted to decrease visceral fat mass and improve abdominal obesity [ 27 , 28 ]. Intermittent fasting and ketogenic diets have also been considered to reduce abdominal obesity [ 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of a High Healthy Eating Index Diet with Long-Term Visceral Fat Loss in a Large Longitudinal Study

Park

2024

Nutrients

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We aimed to investigate the association of a sustainable diet with a long-term reduction in waist circumference (WC) while identifying novel biomarkers for WC reduction (WCR). The participants were recruited initially during 2004–2013 in a large hospital-based cohort, and the follow-up measurements were conducted during 2012–2016. The 65,611 adults aged 45–75 were categorized into WC-loss (n = 22,290) and WC-gain (n = 43,321). Each study investigated demographic, anthropometric, biochemical, genetic, and dietary factors. The modified Healthy Eating Index (MHEI), dietary patterns, and glycemic index were calculated from a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Novel biomarkers influencing WC reduction were identified using machine learning approaches. A WCR was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk and its components. Daily energy intake did not differ between those with and without WCR. However, MHEI, which represents diet quality, demonstrated a positive association with WCR. Among various dietary patterns, the Asian-style balanced diet (ABD), including more fermented soybeans and less restricted salt than the Diet Approach to Stop Hypertension, was positively associated with WCR. However, an inverse association was observed between the diet that was high in noodle and processed meat consumption and that which was high in rice consumption. However, the PRS for abdominal obesity did not significantly interrupt WCR. The receiver operating characteristic curve in the prediction model for WCR was about 0.86. The biomarkers in the models included MetS components, inflammation index, diet components, alcohol consumption, and smoking status, but not genetic factors. In conclusion, adopting a high-quality diet with a high MHEI like ABD leads to WCR, irrespective of genetic influences. These results could be applied to develop effective strategies for preventing and managing abdominal obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of a High Healthy Eating Index Diet with Long-Term Visceral Fat Loss in a Large Longitudinal Study

Park

2024

Nutrients

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“…A negative association between EPA and fat mass was found in our study. Previous studies reported that positive effects of PUFAs on body fat mass loss may be associated with a modulation of lipid metabolism and muscle anabolism in obese subjects [ 61 , 62 ]. More studies in runners are necessary to investigate this association.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Fatty Acid Profile in Erythrocytes in High-Level Endurance Runners during a Sports Season

Alves Vas,

Grijota Pérez,

Toro-Román

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Fatty acids (FAs) are an essential component of the erythrocyte membrane, and nutrition and physical exercise are two variables that affect their structure and function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the erythrocyte profile in a group of high-level endurance runners, as well as the changes in different FAs, throughout a sports season in relation to the training performed. A total of 21 high-level male endurance runners (23 ± 4 years; height: 1.76 ± 0.05) were evaluated at four different times throughout a sports season. The athletes had at least 5 years of previous experience and participated in national and international competitions. The determination of the different FAs was carried out by gas chromatography. The runners exhibited low concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and omega-3 index (IND ω-3), as well as high values of stearic acid (SA), palmitic acid (PA), and arachidonic acid (AA), compared to the values of reference throughout the study. In conclusion, training modifies the erythrocyte FA profile in high-level endurance runners, reducing the concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as DHA and AA and increasing the concentrations of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) such as SA and the PA. High-level endurance runners should pay special attention to the intake of PUFAs ω-3 in their diet or consider supplementation during training periods to avoid deficiency.

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“…Our study also found that C18:3 n-3 in the erythrocyte membrane n-3 fatty acid profile was significantly different between the two groups. One study showed that supplementation of n-3 PUFA to obese patients revealed a significant reduction in the amount and percentage of abdominal fat in obese individuals and an increase in MoCA over time (Salman et al 2022 ). In a prospective cohort study by Liu found that α-linolenic acid (ALA) intake was negatively associated with weight gain (Liu et al 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between erythrocyte membrane fatty acids and gut bacteria in obesity-related cognitive dysfunction

Zhao,

Huang,

et al. 2023

AMB Expr

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Obesity increases the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia, and the gut microbiota can affect brain cognitive function and obesity through a variety of pathways such as the gut-brain axis. This study aimed to discover how fatty acid affect cognitive function by regulating intestinal flora in obesity. Obese subjects were recruited for cognitive function assessment, and participants were divided into obese group with cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 49) and obese cognitively normal group (Non_MCI, n = 55). In the erythrocyte membrane, the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6) and arachidonic acid (C20:4 n-6) and n-6/n-3 ratio was higher in the MCI group than in the Non_MCI group. However, the α-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3) percentage of the erythrocyte membrane was lower in the MCI group. We found that Coriobacteriales_Incertae_Sedis was positively correlated with erythrocyte membrane C20:4 n-6 and n-6 PUFA and negatively correlated with cognitive scores in obese patients. In addition, several of the functional pathways we predicted were significantly different in the MCI and Non_MCI groups. Higher levels of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio in the erythrocyte membranes may influence the inflammatory response in the organism causing obesity induced cognitive damage. Moreover, high levels of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio may also affect the intestinal flora of obese patients, which in turn may affect the cognitive function of obese patients.

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The effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on weight loss and cognitive function in overweight or obese individuals on weight-loss diet

Cited by 4 publications

References 59 publications

Association of a High Healthy Eating Index Diet with Long-Term Visceral Fat Loss in a Large Longitudinal Study

Association of a High Healthy Eating Index Diet with Long-Term Visceral Fat Loss in a Large Longitudinal Study

Changes in the Fatty Acid Profile in Erythrocytes in High-Level Endurance Runners during a Sports Season

Association between erythrocyte membrane fatty acids and gut bacteria in obesity-related cognitive dysfunction

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