The effect of non-normality on the use of the range in estimating the population standard deviation

Rhiel, Steven G.

doi:10.1080/00949658608810890

Cited by 15 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Study participants' mean age was between 44 and 66 years across studies, and most were female. Body mass index was presented in only 4 of the studies (mean, 34 [range, [31][32][33][34][35][36][37]). Participants generally had poor glycemic control by current treatment standards.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If only the range was given as the measure of variation, then standard deviation was estimated as the range divided by 5.88 (99.7% confidence interval [CI] assuming a normal distribution). 32 If the interquartile range was given, standard deviation was estimated. 33 Pooled effects of the RCTs were determined with each study weighted by the inverse of the study variance, using a random effects model with the DerSimonian and Laird formula for calculating between-study variance.…”

Section: Data Analysis and Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of Pharmacotherapy for Weight Loss in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Norris¹,

Zhang²,

Avenell³

et al. 2004

Arch Intern Med

145

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Analysis and Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Pharmacotherapy for Weight Loss in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Norris¹,

Zhang²,

Avenell³

et al. 2004

Arch Intern Med

145

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show abstract

Long-term non-pharmacological weight loss interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Norris

Zhang

Avenell

et al. 2005

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

148

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Susan L. Norris, Xuanping Zhang, Alison Avenell, Edward Gregg, Tamara Brown, Christopher H. Schmid, Joseph Lau The independent commentary was written by Adriano Namo Cury ABSTRACTBACKGROUND: Most persons with type 2 diabetes are overweight and obesity worsens the metabolic and physiologic abnormalities associated with diabetes. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to assess the effectiveness of lifestyle and behavioral weight loss and weight control interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes. METHODS:Search methods: Studies were obtained from computerized searches of multiple electronic bibliographic databases, supplemented with hand searches of selected journals and consultation with experts in obesity research. Selection criteria: Studies were included if they were published or unpublished randomized controlled trials in any language, and examined weight loss or weight control strategies using one or more dietary, physical activity, or behavioral interventions, with a follow-up interval of at least 12 months. Data collection and analysis: Effects were combined using a random effects model. MAIN RESULTS:The 22 studies of weight loss interventions identified had a 4,659 participants and follow-up of 1 to 5 years. The pooled weight loss for any intervention in comparison to usual care among 585 subjects was 1.7 kg (95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.3 to 3.2), or 3.1% of baseline body weight among 517 subjects. Other main comparisons demonstrated non significant results: among 126 persons receiving a physical activity and behavioral intervention, those who also received a very low calorie diet lost 3.0 kg (95% CI -0.5 to 6.4), or 1.6% of baseline body weight, more than persons receiving a low-calorie diet. Among 53 persons receiving identical dietary and behavioral interventions, those receiving more intense physical activity interventions lost 3.9 kg (95% CI -1.9 to 9.7), or 3.6% of baseline body weight, more than those receiving a less intense or no physical activity intervention. Comparison groups often achieved significant weight loss (up to 10.0 kg), minimizing between-group differences. Changes in glycated hemoglobin generally corresponded to changes in weight and were not significant when between-group differences were examined. No data were identified on quality of life and mortality. AUTHORS CONCLUSIONS: Weight loss strategies using dietary, physical activity, or behavioral interventions produced small between-group improvements in weight. These results were minimized by weight loss in the comparison group, however, and examination of individual study arms revealed that multicomponent interventions including very low calorie diets or low calorie diets may hold promise for achieving weight loss in adults with type 2 diabetes. COMMENTSThe systematic review of 22 studies under the title "Long-term nonpharmacological weight loss interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus", by Norris et al., 1 provides some reflections on how impactful the suggestions for the emphasis on optimization of lif...

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Long-term non-pharmacological weight loss interventions for adults with prediabetes

Norris

Zhang

Avenell

et al. 2005

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

159

156

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The effect of non-normality on the use of the range in estimating the population standard deviation

Cited by 15 publications

References 8 publications

Efficacy of Pharmacotherapy for Weight Loss in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Efficacy of Pharmacotherapy for Weight Loss in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Long-term non-pharmacological weight loss interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Long-term non-pharmacological weight loss interventions for adults with prediabetes

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