The effect of nitrogen on the synthesis of porous carbons by iron-catalyzed graphitization

Hunter, Robert L.; Hayward, Emily Catherine; Smales, Glen J.; Pauw, Brian R.; Kulak, Alexander N.; Guan, Shaoliang; Schnepp, Zoë

doi:10.1039/d3ma00039g

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The ratio between the integrated area of bands D 1 and G (A D1 /A G ) gives insight into the graphitization degree; as shown in Table 1, MCH, MCM, and MCE have A D1 /A G of 4.1, 4.4, and 3.9, respectively, indicating that melamine-based mesoporous carbon has a relative more disordered structure, due to the higher content of nitrogen that causes defects in the material structure affecting the sp 2 hybridized carbon. The presence of nitrogen in the quaternary form impedes electronic conductivity within layers affecting the graphitization properties [44,45]. Higher graphitic samples have a non-polar surface, which could lead to better sulfur infiltration through the mesoporous system [46].…”

Section: Physicochemical Characterization Of the Carbon Materials And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Nitrogen Precursor in the Development of N-Functionalities in a Mesoporous Carbon Material and Its Effect on the Li–S Cells’ Electrochemistry

Mejía Salazar,

Acevedo,

Laverde

et al. 2024

Batteries

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Li–S batteries are positioned as a strong alternative for efficient energy storage due to their high theoretical energy density and their theoretical specific capacity (1675 mA h g−1) compared to current Li-ion batteries; however, their commercialization is affected by the rapid decay of the specific capacity as a consequence of the different species of lithium polysulfides that are generated during the charge–discharge processes. The use of nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon materials has been shown to have the ability to confer electronic conductivity to sulfur and retain the lithium polysulfide species. However, there are not enough studies to help understand how the type of nitrogen precursor influences the development of specific nitrogen functionalities to favor the retention of lithium polysulfide species. This work seeks to determine the effect of the use of different nitrogen precursors on the structural changes of the mesoporous carbon materials prepared, and thus evaluate the electrochemical behavior of Li–S cells correlating the type of nitrogen functionality generated when the precursor is variated with the charge/discharge capacity developed during the cell operation. For this study, different carbon materials were prepared by the variation of the nitrogen source (melamine, ethylenediamine, and hexadecylamine) to obtain a N-doped mesoporous carbon with different distributions of nitrogen functionalities in its structure. The use of the primary amine ethylenediamine as a nitrogen precursor in the formation of structured carbon materials favored elemental sulfur infiltration into its pores, resulting in the maximum sulfur content within the pores and interacting with the carbonaceous matrix (78.8 wt.%). The carbon material prepared with this precursor resulted in a higher content of N-pyridinic functionality, which, combined with the high content of N-pyrrolic, resulted in the highest specific discharge capacity at 0.1 C after 100 cycles when compared to cells assembled with materials derived from the use of melamine and hexadecylamine precursors. The cell assembled with the electrode formed from ethylenediamine as a nitrogen precursor presented an initial discharge capacity of 918 mA h g−1 with a Coulombic efficiency of ~83.4% at 0.1 C after 100 cycles.

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Section: Physicochemical Characterization Of the Carbon Materials And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Nitrogen Precursor in the Development of N-Functionalities in a Mesoporous Carbon Material and Its Effect on the Li–S Cells’ Electrochemistry

Mejía Salazar,

Acevedo,

Laverde

et al. 2024

Batteries

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“…A wide variety of carbonaceous feedstocks have been catalytically converted into graphite at moderate temperatures. These feedstocks include petroleum coke, 17,18 anthracite, 19 hardwoods, 20 softwoods, 20 lignin, 21 cellulose, 22,23 bacterial cellulose, 24 glucose, 20 chitin, 25 chitosan, 26 algae, 27 fiberboard, 28 waste paper towel, 29 oil palm frond, 30 plant leaves, 31 etc . For a better understanding of the effects of feedstocks on the graphite properties including electrochemical performance as a LIB anode, the readers are referred to the recent review article published by Lower and Dey et al 7 To the best of our knowledge, there is no published study on the catalytic conversion of pyrolysis oil into LIB-grade graphite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic graphitization of pyrolysis oil for anode application in lithium-ion batteries

Dey,

Lower,

Vook

et al. 2024

Green Chem.

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The role of heteroatoms in iron-assisted graphitization of hard carbons derived from synthetic polymers: The special case of sulfur-doping

Dyjak,

Wyrębska,

Błachowski

et al. 2024

Carbon

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The effect of nitrogen on the synthesis of porous carbons by iron-catalyzed graphitization

Abstract: This paper reports a systematic study into the effect of nitrogen on iron-catalyzed graphitization of biomass. Chitin, chitosan, N-acetylglucosamine, gelatin and glycine were selected to represent nitrogen-rich saccharides and amino-acid/polypeptide...

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

Influence of the Nitrogen Precursor in the Development of N-Functionalities in a Mesoporous Carbon Material and Its Effect on the Li–S Cells’ Electrochemistry

Influence of the Nitrogen Precursor in the Development of N-Functionalities in a Mesoporous Carbon Material and Its Effect on the Li–S Cells’ Electrochemistry

Catalytic graphitization of pyrolysis oil for anode application in lithium-ion batteries

The role of heteroatoms in iron-assisted graphitization of hard carbons derived from synthetic polymers: The special case of sulfur-doping

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