The effect of nitrogen fertilization and rust fungus infection, singly and combined, on the leaf chemical composition of <i>Rumex obtusifolius</i>

Hatcher, P. E.; Paul, Nigel D.; Ayres, P. G.; Whittaker, J. B.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2435.1997.00123.x

Cited by 20 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Excessive oxalic acid in the animal body impairs Ca utilization reducing digestibility of cellulose at the same time. Hatcher et al (1997) pointed out that the content of total oxalate could range from 50-180 g/kg DM, which was much more than our results. They used the method of Cooke and Sansum (1976) as modified by Hatcher et al (1995).…”

Section: Herbage Qualitycontrasting

confidence: 84%

“…The DM content of harvested dock herbage is markedly affected by the level of fertilization. Hatcher et al (1997) detected 185 g DM in unfertilized plants, and DM content in fresh herbage below 100 g/kg at a higher level of fertilization with NH 4 ions.…”

Section: Herbage Qualitymentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Stählin (1971( , in Weissbach, 1998 claims that the reason for the low quality of dock forage is a high content of free oxalate, potassium Hatcher et al (1997), the content of anti-quality substances, particularly oxalates and nitrates, in dock plants was increased by the fungus Uromyces rumicis and by fertilization. Young leaves contain the highest amount of crude protein but the lowest amount of nitrates and oxalates in all plant parts and are therefore most valuable in terms of nutrition.…”

Section: Herbage Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritive value of broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius L.) and its effect on the quality of grass silages

Hejduk¹,

Doležal²

2004

Czech J. Anim. Sci.

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Broad-leaved dock is together with creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) and dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Wigg.) one of the most frequently occurring grassland weeds in the Czech Republic (Martinková and Honěk, 2001). Broadleaved dock belongs to the group of plants with the highest requirement for nitrogen and other nutrients. Its ecological requirements and herbage quality differ only li�le from those of curled dock (Rumex crispus L.) and the two species can therefore be assessed together (Weissbach, 1998). According to Klimeš (1993), there are also unfertile hybrids of the two species occurring in grass stands, referred to as R. ×pratensis. These species represent aggressive plants which force cultural grasses and legumes out from their surroundings and cause problems at herbage conservation due to their low DM contents. Humpreys et al. (1999) demonstrated that grazed swards in Britain were related to a higher mortality of docks as compared with mown swards due to lower doses of applied fertilisers, increased defoliation and trampling. High doses of N-fertilisers were put into connection with higher occurrence of Rumex obtusifolius. Novák (1994) described associations with dominating broad-leaved dock at grazing sites overfertilized with animal excrements, which can be long without any change in the species composition and which are avoided by grazing animals. In the system of organic agriculture the broad-leaved dock is a very serious problem as it cannot be controlled by herbicides and docks markedly reduce the sward nutritive value (Pötsch, 2000).With respect to the fact that sward herbages are fed on most farms in the form of grass silages, it is vitally important to know individual factors affecting their nutritive value and also the quality of fermentation process during their production. The effect of broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius L.) on the impaired nutritive value of grassland herbages was studied together with the effect of dock and addition of microbial inoculant on the fermentation process in grass silages. The herbage of broad-leaved dock exhibits low DM content, CP and fibre contents comparable with red clover, yet its NEL concentration is low. Quality of silages made of dock at DM content over 300 g/kg is good but the silages show significantly lower contents of lactic acid (35.9%), acetic acid (70.0%) and higher pH values (4.69 vs. 4.35) as compared with the grass silage. Silages made of dock do not contain butyric acid and exhibit lower rates of proteolysis. The presence of broad-leaved dock in herbage poses a danger of slow wilting and low production of fermentation acids. The addition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) showed in the studied set of silages and in dock silages by an increased content of lactic acid (+18.9% and +27.0%, resp.) and by a significant reduction of pH value (-0.17 and -0.14, resp.).

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Section: Herbage Qualitycontrasting

confidence: 84%

Section: Herbage Qualitymentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Herbage Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritive value of broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius L.) and its effect on the quality of grass silages

Hejduk¹,

Doležal²

2004

Czech J. Anim. Sci.

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“…Both rhizosphere sites are probably rich in oxalate (Bohner 2001;Hatcher et al 1997). The observation that bacteria isolated from rhizospheres provide better protection than those isolated directly from soil free of plant material gives a good indication that it is advantageous to use bacteria from plant-associated environments, because they most probably are more adapted to survival on plant surfaces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxalate-Degrading Bacteria Can ProtectArabidopsis thalianaand Crop Plants AgainstBotrytis cinerea

Schoonbeek¹,

Jacquat-Bovet²,

Mascher³

et al. 2007

MPMI

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Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum secrete oxalic acid as a pathogenicity factor with a broad action. Consequently, it should be possible to interfere with the infection process by degrading oxalic acid during the interaction of these pathogens with their hosts. We have evaluated the potential of oxalate-degrading bacteria to protect plants against pathogenic fungi. Such bacteria were isolated from agricultural soil and selected on agar plates with Ca-oxalate as the sole carbon source. Four strains were retained with a medium-to-strong protective activity on Arabidopsis thaliana leaves against B. cinerea and S. sclerotiorum. They can provide 30 to 70% protection against fungal infection in different pathosystems, including B. cinerea on A. thaliana, cucumber, grapevine, and tomato. The oxalatedegrading bacteria induced only some marker genes for common plant signaling pathways for defenses, but protective effects were slightly reduced in A. thaliana mutants impaired in the ethylene and jasmonic acid signaling pathways. More detailed studies on the protective mechanism were performed in ox-strain B, identified as Cupriavidus campinensis, by analysis of transposon-tagged mutants that have a reduced ability to degrade oxalic acid.

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“…and their host plants Rumex crispus L. and R. obtusifolius L. Interactions include the effect of rust infection on G. viridula (Hatcher et al 1994a;Hatcher et al 1995b), the effect of G. viridula herbivory on subsequent infection of Rumex by U. rumicis (Hatcher et al 1994b; Hatcher, Ayres & Paul 1995a), and the effect of beetle and fungus, alone and combined, on their host plants (Hatcher et al 1994c;Hatcher 1996). It is from the basis of this knowledge that this paper, and Hatcher et al (1997a), report the first experiments to investigate the effect of differing sources and concentrations of nitrogen fertilization on all the components of a tripartite interaction between an insect, fungus and plant. …”

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confidence: 89%

Nitrogen fertilization affects interactions between the components of an insect–fungus–plant tripartite system

et al. 1997

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Most plant species can be found in a variety of environments, each of which can be of variable quality. The form and concentration of soil nitrogen is one of the most important environmental factors and many studies have demonstrated the effect of differing levels of nitrogen fertilization, or plant nitrogen concentration, on plant growth (Haynes & Goh 1978;Chapin 1980), and the insects (Scriber 1984;White 1993) or fungi (Huber & Watson 1974;Huber 1980) that are plant consumers.However, most plant species are involved in complex multispecies interactions, rather than the simple bipartite interactions that are studied usually. As a first step in understanding these complex interactions, three-way or tripartite interactions have been studied. One set of tripartite interactions involves those between plants and the two most species-rich and abundant groups of consumers of plant tissues, insects and fungi (Hatcher 1995;Hatcher & Ayres 1997).Only one study (Russin et al. 1989) has investigated the effect of nitrogen fertilization on an insectfungus-plant tripartite interaction. This examined the effect of three nitrogen fertilization regimes, with or without defoliation, on the stem cankers of soybean, Glycine max, caused by the fungus Diaporthe phaseolorum.We have investigated several aspects of the interactions between the chrysomelid beetle Gastrophysa viridula Degeer, the rust fungus Uromyces rumicis (Schum.) Wint. and their host plants Rumex crispus L. and R. obtusifolius L. Interactions include the effect of rust infection on G. viridula (Hatcher et al. 1994a;Hatcher et al. 1995b), the effect of G. viridula herbivory on subsequent infection of Rumex by U. rumicis (Hatcher et al. 1994b; Hatcher, Ayres & Paul 1995a), and the effect of beetle and fungus, alone and combined, on their host plants (Hatcher et al. 1994c;Hatcher 1996). It is from the basis of this knowledge that this paper, and Hatcher et al. (1997a), report the first experiments to investigate the effect of differing sources and concentrations of nitrogen fertilization on all the components of a tripartite interaction between an insect, fungus and plant. Summary1. The chrysomelid beetle, Gastrophysa viridula and the rust fungus, Uromyces rumicis both occur on leaves of Rumex obtusifolius growing in a wide range of soil nutrient conditions. We investigated the effect of fertilizing plants with eight nitrate and four ammonium concentrations on the components of this tripartite interaction in a controlled environment. 2. Leaf weight, area and total plant weight increased as both nitrate and ammonium concentrations increased up to 15 mmol l -1 . Between 15 and 50 mmol l -1 added nitrate, leaf and total plant weight decreased. Total plant weight was unaffected by increasing ammonium fertilization from 15 to 25 mmol l -1 . 3. The density and percentage of U. rumicis pustules sporulating 8 days after infection decreased with increasing nitrate but were unaffected by increasing the concentration of ammonium fertilization. 4. Leaf area consumed and number of...

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The effect of nitrogen fertilization and rust fungus infection, singly and combined, on the leaf chemical composition of Rumex obtusifolius

Cited by 20 publications

References 44 publications

Nutritive value of broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius L.) and its effect on the quality of grass silages

Nutritive value of broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius L.) and its effect on the quality of grass silages

Oxalate-Degrading Bacteria Can ProtectArabidopsis thalianaand Crop Plants AgainstBotrytis cinerea

Nitrogen fertilization affects interactions between the components of an insect–fungus–plant tripartite system

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