The effect of nitrogen and the method of application on yield and quality of broccoli

Everaarts, A.P.; Willigen, P. de

doi:10.18174/njas.v47i2.471

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The early-broccoli system had fresh yields of 22.2 and 22.9 Mg ha and late-broccoli yielded 25.0 and 36.2 Mg ha , in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Similar yields, 16 to 35 Mg ha , have been reported in the literature [2,[6][7][8][9]. The lower yield in the early-broccoli compared to the late-broccoli system agrees with previous research, which also found lower total and head plant mass in summer harvested broccoli compared to autumn harvest [39], likely due to different environmental conditions during the broccoli growth periods.…”

Section: Broccoli Harvestsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Cole crop (Brassica vegetables), in particular, produce optimal yields with high N applications, ranging from 270 to 550 kg N ha for broccoli (Brassica olecerea var italica L.) [4,[6][7][8][9]. Cole crop 1 in the field at harvest [2,3], and post-harvest mineral N losses are more related to crop residue N rather than N fertilizer remaining in the soil [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Post-Harvest Organic Carbon Amendments as a Strategy to Minimize Nitrogen Losses in Cole Crop Production

2013

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Cole crops (Brassica vegetables) can pose a significant risk for N losses during the post-harvest period due to substantial amounts of readily mineralizable N in crop residues. Amending the soil with organic C has the potential to immobilize N and thereby reduce the risk for N losses. Four field trials were conducted to determine the effects of organic C amendments (OCA) on N dynamics and spring wheat (Triticum durum L.) harvest parameters proceeding early- and late-broccoli (Brassica olecerea var italica L.) systems in 2009 and 2010. The experimental controls represented the traditional grower practice of incorporated broccoli crop residue (CR-control) and the pre-plant application of N fertilizer (CRN-control) to subsequent spring wheat. Alternative practices were compared to the controls, which included broccoli crop residue removal (CR-removal), an oat (Avena sativa L.) cover crop (CC-oat), and three different OCA of wheat straw (OCA-straw), yard waste (OCA-yard), or used cooking oil (OCA-oil). The treatments, which demonstrated reduced autumn soil mineral N (SMN) concentrations after broccoli harvest, relative to the CR-control, were CR-removal, OCA-straw, and OCA-oil. Although CR-removal and OCA-straw indicated a reduced potential for autumn soil N losses in the early-broccoli system, these practices are not recommended for growers because subsequent spring wheat yield and profit margins were reduced compared to the CR- and CRN-controls. The OCA-oil reduced autumn SMN concentrations by 53 to 112 kg N ha−1 relative to the CR-control after both early- and late-broccoli harvest, suggesting a larger potential for reduced autumn soil N losses, compared to all other treatments. No detrimental effects resulted from the OCA-oil treatment on the subsequent spring yield or grain N. The OCA-oil reduced spring wheat profit margins relative to the CR-control, like the OCA-straw and CR-removal treatments, however profit margins were similar between the OCA-oil and the CRN-control. Therefore, in areas with a high risk of environmental N contamination, growers should consider the OCA-oil practice after cole crop harvest to minimize the risk of N losses

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Section: Broccoli Harvestsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Post-Harvest Organic Carbon Amendments as a Strategy to Minimize Nitrogen Losses in Cole Crop Production

2013

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“…The improved yield parameters associated with higher N rates are supported by the higher percentage of N accumulation in leaf tissue (Table 4). Nitrogen accumulation in the aboveground portion of the plant increases with increasing rate of N fertilizer (Everaarts and De Willigen, 1999;Zebarth et al, 1995). In a study by Kowalenko and Hall (1987), high N rates significantly increased N in the leaf tissue and broccoli head without stimulation of the vegetative growth.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Large Single-head Broccoli Yield as Affected by Plant Density, Nitrogen, and Cultivar in a Plasticulture System

Schellenberg

Bratsch

Shen

2009

hortte

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An open-market window has been identified in Virginia for fall broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica). Vegetable producers using plasticulture systems can capitalize on this opportunity by growing broccoli as a second crop after summer vegetables. The objective of this project was to evaluate suitability of two broccoli cultivars, Everest and Gypsy, for the fall production of large single-heads (>6 inches in diameter) for the fresh market. Planting density and rate of nitrogen (N) fertilizer (25, 60, and 100 lb/acre N) effects on yield characteristics were evaluated in a plasticulture system during a 3-year study (2003–05) conducted with broccoli transplants at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Kentland Agricultural Research Farm near Blacksburg, VA. The percentage of large heads was cultivar, plant density, and N rate dependent. The midseason ‘Gypsy’ produced significantly higher total yield and head weight compared with the early-season ‘Everest’. The optimum density to maximize floret production per area was 12,500 plants/acre and a supplemental N rate of 100 lb/acre. This N rate significantly (P < 0.002) improved marketable yield, large head yield, and leaf N accumulation compared with the lower rates. The data indicate that the feasibility of growing fall broccoli using a plasticulture system depends on the number of large heads produced for the fresh market. This in turn will depend on the choice of cultivar, stand establishment, and the requirement for supplemental N fertilizer over the residual level available in the soil after the first crop.

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“…Brassica oleracea (broccoli), in the Brassicaceae, is a vegetable crop that requires great amounts of nitrogen fertilizer. To obtain a high yield, 270–465 kg ha −1 of nitrogen is needed (Everaarts and Willigen 1999; Feller and Fink 2005). Like other non‐leguminous plants, broccoli does not have a natural association with root‐nodulating bacteria such as Rhizobium .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonization and growth promotion characteristics ofEnterobactersp. andHerbaspirillumsp. onBrassica oleracea

Zakria

Ohsako

Saeki

et al. 2008

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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We investigated the effects of inoculating a dicot plant, Brassica oleracea, with nitrogen-fixing endophytic bacteria isolated from monocots. The bacteria used were Enterobacter sp. strain 35 isolated from sugarcane and Herbaspirillum sp. strain B501 isolated from wild rice. Under glasshouse conditions, B. oleracea inoculated with strain 35 had a significantly greater fresh weight than uninoculated plants, and the fresh weight of plants inoculated with strain B501 tended to be higher than that of uninoculated plants. We conducted a laboratory-scale experiment to confirm the above results and to investigate the colonization and nitrogen-fixing abilities of these bacteria. Plants inoculated with Enterobacter sp. strain 35-1, a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled strain derived from strain 35, had larger bacterial populations and greater acetylene reduction activity than those inoculated with Herbaspirillum sp. strain B501gfp1. Strain 35-1 colonized the intercellular spaces and the junctions of the lateral roots with the parent root. The results indicated that isolates from monocots can successfully colonize B. oleracea (a dicot) and promote plant growth.

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The effect of nitrogen and the method of application on yield and quality of broccoli

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Evaluation of Post-Harvest Organic Carbon Amendments as a Strategy to Minimize Nitrogen Losses in Cole Crop Production

Evaluation of Post-Harvest Organic Carbon Amendments as a Strategy to Minimize Nitrogen Losses in Cole Crop Production

Large Single-head Broccoli Yield as Affected by Plant Density, Nitrogen, and Cultivar in a Plasticulture System

Colonization and growth promotion characteristics ofEnterobactersp. andHerbaspirillumsp. onBrassica oleracea

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