The effect of nitrapyrin and chloropicolinic acid on ammonium oxidation by<i>Nitrosomonas europaea</i>

Powell, Stephen Joseph; Prosser, Jim

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1985.tb00762.x

Cited by 34 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The rate of chemical hydrolysis used to calculate specific growth rates. Data are presented of nitrapyrin to the less inhibitory 6-chloropicolinic acid (13) one flask of a set of three replicate flasks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…was an extended lag of 34 h, which is longer than the calculated half-life of the inhibitor. During this lag period a significant proportion of nitrapyrin would have hydrolyzed to 6-chloropicolinic acid, which is a less effective inhibitor of autotrophic ammonia oxidation (13). Therefore, the reduced sensitivity of stationary-phase cells of N. europaea, as measured by the specific growth rate, may have been due to hydrolysis of nitrapyrin during the extended lag phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Axenic cultures of a soil isolate of Nitrosomonas europaea were used in all experiments. Details of its source and routine maintenance are given elsewhere (13). Repeated subculturing led to selection of two strains of N. europaea, termed spi and sp2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inhibition of Ammonium Oxidation by Nitrapyrin in Soil and Liquid Culture

Powell

Prosser

1986

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Inhibition of growth of axenic cultures of Nitrosomonas europaea by nitrapyrin was investigated in liquid culture and in soil. In liquid culture, exponentially growing cells were more sensitive than stationary-phase cells, possibly due to a requirement for uptake of nitrapyrin, metabolism of nitrapyrin, or both before inhibition. Differences in sensitivity were observed between the parent strain and two strains, spi and sp2, that were selected through repeated subculturing. These differences were reflected in the length of the lag period induced by nitrapyrin and in the specific growth rate and were due to different bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects. Soil provided significant protection from inhibition, with concentrations of nitrapyrin approximately one order of magnitude greater than those required for equivalent inhibition in liquid culture. The data show that strain differences alone do not explain differences in sensitivity between nitrification in soil and in liquid culture and suggest that the inhibitor may be more effective against actively nitrifying soils.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inhibition of Ammonium Oxidation by Nitrapyrin in Soil and Liquid Culture

Powell

Prosser

1986

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…We divided each replicate between two 125‐ml Erlenmeyer flasks, one sediment slurry amended with nitrapyrin dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to inhibit nitrification and one sediment slurry amended with DMSO only in which nitrification occurred. The addition of nitrapyrin inhibits the function of the enzyme ammonium monooxygenase and therefore blocks ammonium oxidation [ Powell and Prosser , 1985]. We added DMSO to all flasks to control for any potential effects of DMSO and to correct for the negative matrix interference associated with subsequent NH 4 + analysis of samples containing DMSO (see below).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporating spatial variation of nitrification and denitrification rates into whole‐lake nitrogen dynamics

2012

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Despite dramatic increases in nitrogen (N) loading to fresh waters and growing scientific attention on the changing N cycle, measurements of nitrification and denitrification rates in lakes are lacking. In particular, we know little about how these processes vary spatially within a lake, and how this potential spatial variation contributes to a lake's N dynamics. We measured sediment nitrification and denitrification rates at 40 sites in Gull Lake, Michigan (USA), and found that the shallow edge sediments (<2 m deep) of the lake were hot spots of N transformation. Nitrification rates were comparable in sediments at all depths, while sediment denitrification rates were highest in the shallow edge habitat, and lowest in the profundal sediments (<2 m and >10 m deep, respectively). We scaled‐up our sediment transformation rates across the lake to illustrate spatial variability in nitrification and denitrification. For whole‐lake nitrification, the contribution of shallow edge, littoral, and profundal sediments followed in proportion to lake surface area of each habitat. In contrast, the contribution of each of these areas to whole‐lake denitrification was not proportional to their respective surface areas, and instead was equal across the 3 habitat types, with each area contributing roughly 30% of the total N loss via denitrification. Spatially representative characterization of nitrification and denitrification in lentic ecosystems requires incorporation of the spatial variation in these transformations with a particular focus on littoral sediments, and this is often overlooked in studies of lentic N cycling. Furthermore, anthropogenic changes to lake shorelines that influence N cycling in littoral sediments may have a disproportionate effect on whole‐lake ecosystem function.

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“…There are divergent results reported in the literature concerning the effect of 6-chloropicolinic acid (a hydrolytic degradation product of nitrapyrin) on oxidation of ammonia to nitrite in cultures of chemoautotrophic nitrifiers (Salvas and Taylor, 1984;Powell and Prosser, 1985). Powell and Prosser (1985) found that, after an initial 8-h lag period, 6-chloropicolinic acid at a concentration of 2.17 pM inhibited nitrite production in both stationary-phase and exponentially growing cultures of Nitrosomonas europaea. In contrast, Salvas and Taylor (1984) found that 6-chloropicolinic acid at a concentration of 10 fiM had no inhibitory effect on ammonia oxidation by cultures of nitrifying microorganisms (e.g.,…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of soil urease and nitrification inhibitors

McCarty

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The effect of nitrapyrin and chloropicolinic acid on ammonium oxidation byNitrosomonas europaea

Cited by 34 publications

References 8 publications

Inhibition of Ammonium Oxidation by Nitrapyrin in Soil and Liquid Culture

Inhibition of Ammonium Oxidation by Nitrapyrin in Soil and Liquid Culture

Incorporating spatial variation of nitrification and denitrification rates into whole‐lake nitrogen dynamics

Evaluation of soil urease and nitrification inhibitors

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