The effect of night transportation on the heart rate and skin temperature of ostriches during real transportation

Ameliorative effect of ascorbic acid on rectal temperature and live weight of pigs transported by road for eight hours during the harmattan Season

“…The RT values recorded during the journey demonstrated clearly that transportation increased significantly the values of RT in both the experimental and control groups of transported pigs. This confirmed the findings of Ayo and Oladele (1996), Rajion et al (2001) that the period of transportation of an animal is one of the most traumatic in its life time (Crowther et al, 2003;Vecerek et al, 2006).…”

A survey of current ostrich handling and transport practices in North America with reference to ostrich welfare and transportation guidelines set up in other countries

“…Mitchell (1999, p. 225) recommended that the ostrich transport vehicle should have sufficient ventilation, closed sides, and low light levels to isolate birds from outside noises and visual images. Having birds exposed to natural light and visual contact of objects outside of the transport vehicle is stressful for the ostriches and will result in birds standing during day light transport (Mitchell, 1999, p. 225;Crowther et al, 2003;Hoffman and Lambrechts, 2011, p. 222). Nevertheless, birds sit down at night or inside a dark vehicle (i.e., they have higher stability and fewer losses) and experience less shipping stress (Crowther et al, 2003).…”

Advances in Management of Poultry Production Using Biotelemetry

“…The most studied environmental variable is temperature with a few studies focusing on humidity and air velocity. Poultry response variables that have been examined include deep body temperature (Kettlewell et al, 1997;Hamrita et al, 1998;Lacey et al, 2000aLacey et al, , 2000bMitchell et al, 2001, as cited in Silva et al, 2005;Brown-Brandl et al, 2001, as cited in Wang et al, 2006;Blanchard et al, 2002;Yanagi et al, 2002aYanagi et al, , 2002bBrown-Brandl et al, 2003;Tao & Xin, 2003a, 2003bCrowther et al, 2003;Khalil et al, 2004;van den Brand & van de Belt, 2006;Hamrita & Hoffacker, 2008;Leterrier et al, 2009); brain and heart activity (Blanchard et al, 2002;Crowther et al, 2003;Aubert et al, 2004;Khalil et al, 2004;Lowe et al, 2007;von Borell et al, 2007;Coenen et al, 2009); and physical activity (Khalil et al, 2004;Quwaider et al, 2010). The majority of studies were concerned with deep body temperature responses to heat stress.…”

“…They cite a few heart rate studies focused on the development of cardiac rhythms (Pearson et al, 1998 [210], Moriya et al, 1999[211], 2000[212], 2002[213], and Tazawa et al, 2002, all as cited in von Borrell et al, 2007); a study used to better understand the relationship between coping style and feather pecking (Korte et al, 1999 [29], as cited in von Borell et al, 2007); an other study to show that exposure to high levels of carbon dioxide in 2-week old broilers increases the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias (Korte et al, 1999 [218], as cited in von Borell et al, 2007); and a study in quail to understand how they respond to emotional stress (Gaudinière et al, 2005 [220], as cited in von Borell et al, 2007). In (Crowther et al, 2003), the authors evaluated the use of heart rate and skin temperature as indicators of stress in ostriches during night transportation. Literature has identified a number of stressors that have negative impacts on the welfare of ostriches during transportation such as vibration and movement, heat stress, and dehydration and suggested that ostrich welfare during transit might be improved by using darkened vehicles.…”