The Effect of New Thiophene-Derived Diphenyl Aminophosphonates on Growth of Terrestrial Plants

Abstract

The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of the thiophene-derived aminophosphonates 1–6 on seedling emergence and growth of monocotyledonous oat (Avena sativa) and dicotyledonous radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and phytotoxicity against three persistent and resistant weeds (Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Rumex acetosa L., and Chenopodium album). Aminophosphonates 1–6 have never been described in the literature. The phytotoxicity of tested aminophosphonates toward their potential application as soil-applied herbicides was evaluated according to the OECD (Organization for Economic and Cooperation Development Publishing) 208 Guideline. In addition, their ecotoxicological impact on crustaceans Heterocypris incongruens and bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri was measured using the OSTRACODTOXKITTM and Microtox® tests. Obtained results showed that none of the tested compounds were found sufficiently phytotoxic and none of them have any herbicidal potential. None of the tested compounds showed important toxicity against Aliivibrio fischeri but they should be considered as slightly harmful. Harmful impacts of compounds 1–6 on Heterocypris incongruens were found to be significant.

PLAGA-PEG-PLAGA Terpolymer-Based Carriers of Herbicides for Potential Application in Environment-Friendly, Controlled Release Systems of Agrochemicals

“…These prolonged release systems of agrochemicals should significantly improve the quality of intensively cultivated agricultural areas, especially the population of groundwater microorganisms. Furthermore, these systems have an economical benefit related to the reduction in the amount of herbicide usage and number of treatments in a plant growth season [46][47][48].…”