The Effect of Natural Aromatase Blockers on the Testicle Weight, Size of Wattle and Histopathological of Testis In Bangkok

Astuti, Pudji; Airin, Claude Mona; Hana, RR Amelia; Yuneldi, Rizki Fitrawan; Sarmin,

doi:10.1051/bioconf/20213306002

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, the testosterone-dependent effect on comb size may involve other factors. Wattle size alteration do not appear in Bangkok roosters with a continuous testosterone treatment for 35 days [12]. Moreover, red grouse with smaller comb shows relatively similar testosterone levels to the others, indicating a modulation of testosteronedependent effect in comb size [16].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Aromatase governs androgen and estrogen concentration in serum and tissues by transforming testosterone into estradiol [4,12,23]. Intracellular zinc modifies aromatase activity as a second messenger [24].…”

Section: Zinc As An Aromatase Inhibitormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aromatase suppression has appeared in the shell of an oyster. An oyster shell contains zinc and aromatase blocker activity in vertebrates [2,12]. Shell consumption causes testosterone elevations and aromatase inactivation in the brain and Leydig cells of rats [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Zinc, Shell, and Fishbone Supplementations on Comb Width and Length of Bangkok Rooster

et al. 2022

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The Bangkok rooster is a prestigious ornamental bird in Indonesia. Zinc and shell have an aromatase blocker effect that results in testosterone elevations. Additionally, fishbone contains rich protein for optimum biological functions. Serum testosterone regulates comb size in the chicken. This study aimed to investigate the effect of natural aromatase blockers and protein in the comb of Bangkok roosters. This experiment divided thirteen Bangkok roosters into control and treatment groups with zinc, fishbone-shell, and fishbone supplementations. The weekly comb lengthening and widening were intervals between week 0 and the measurement week in this study. The results suggested that fishbone and fishbone-shell supplementations escalated the comb lengthening. Fishbone–shell treatment significantly increased the comb lengthening in the second and fourth weeks (p < 0.05). The significant elongation change in the fishbone group only appeared in the second week (p < 0.05). Otherwise, the treatments produced lower comb widening in the roosters. Fishbone and fishbone-shell supplementation significantly caused a lower widening in every measurement week (p < 0.05). This study uncovered the effects of zinc, shell, and fishbone supplementations on reproductive phenotype in Bangkok roosters.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Zinc As An Aromatase Inhibitormentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Zinc, Shell, and Fishbone Supplementations on Comb Width and Length of Bangkok Rooster

et al. 2022

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“…Zinc can be found in organic form (Zn lysine and Zn methionate), and inorganic Zn (Zn oxide, carbonate, and sulfate) [38] Sulfate is a chemical compound that is more studied in the treatment of hypogonadism, but picolinate, gluconate, and Zn citrate can be alternatives because that more absorbable than Zn oxide [39,40]. Consensus on the ratio of prescription use of Zn does not yet exist when using anions, so the ratio of recipes should be calculated from compounds whose molecular mass is known [41].…”

Section: Zinc Work Path Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc and Shell Flour as Innovative Natural Aromatase Blocker to Increase Testosterone Concentration

2022

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The hormone testosterone is essential in various biological processes, including reproductive function so its presence in the body must remain stable. Low concentrations of testosterone can affect secondary traits and libido in male animals. Testosterone concentrations are usually increased through hormonal induction, but this will harm long-term administration. The alternative offered in this problem is to give aromatase blockers both in the form of commercial drug injection (letrozole) and natural ingredients (shell powder). Aromatase blockers can inhibit the synthesis of estrogen from testosterone at certain doses that are usually different for each animal, administering aromatase blockers has been shown to increase testosterone concentration, in birds and chickens the administration of aromatase blockers did not have any significant side effects.

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“…Improvement of pectoralis muscle is characterized by the increasing number of myofibers in one fascicle, myofiber area (MA), fascicle area (FA), and proliferation in the nucleus of muscle cells [9][10][11][12]. The increase in growth and the pectoralis muscle characteristics of pelung cockerels is triggered by the hormone testosterone [5,7,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. The hormone testosterone in male animals is produced by the testes [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth, pectoralis muscle performance, and testis of pelung cockerels (Gallus gallus gallus [Linnaeus, 1758]) supplemented with blood clam shell powder (Anadara granosa [Linnaeus, 1758])

et al. 2023

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Background and Aim: Pelung cockerels (Gallus gallus gallusGallus gallus gallus [Linnaeus, 1758]) are different from other native cockerels in that they have a long and unique voice, in addition to their tall, large, and sturdy body with a relatively heavy body weight (BW). The sound quality of pelung cockerels is affected by the structure of the syrinx and their large and strong chest muscles. The performance of the chest muscles, and subsequently its voice, is influenced by the hormone testosterone. The shell of blood clams (Anadara granosa Linnaeus, 1758), a saltwater bivalve is known to contain a natural aromatase blocker (NAB) capable of blocking the aromatase enzyme from converting testosterone to estradiol. This generates consistently high levels of testosterone. This study aimed to determine the effect of blood clam shell powder (BCSP) as an NAB on the growth, pectoralis muscle performance, and testes of pelung cockerels. Materials and Methods: The study design was a completely randomized design, with 16 pelung cockerels aged 40–56 weeks divided into four treatment groups: T0 (control); T1 (BCSP [A. granosa] 0.9 mg/kg BW); T2 (zinc sulfate [ZnSO4] 0.9 mg/kg BW); and T3 (testosterone 3 mg/day). The animals were acclimatized for 7 days and then given dietary treatments for 56 days. The measurement of the comb, wattle, and chest circumference (CC) of pelung cockerels was performed on days 0, 14, 28, 42, and 56. At the end of the treatment, the pelung cockerels were sacrificed and the data of the pectoralis muscle weight (PMW), testis weight (TW), and area of the pectoralis muscle (APM) were measured. Samples of pectoralis muscle and testes were taken and fixed in 10% neutral buffer formalin for histology. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was identified by immunohistochemical staining. To measure fascicle area (FA), myofiber area (MA), and enumerate, the fascicle myofibers (NM) histology preparations were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H and E). Testicular preparations were stained with H and E to measure the diameter of the seminiferous tubules (DST) using ImageJ software. Results: The growth performance on day 56 showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher differences of CC in T1 compared to T2 and T0, in T1 and T3 compared to T0, and in T3 and T2 compared to T0. Pectoralis muscle results, that is, FA, NM, MA, and PCNA-positive cells, showed that cockerels on treatment T3 had significantly higher results than other treatments, T1 was significantly different from T2 and T0, and T2 was significantly different from T0. In addition, the TW and DST measurement of cockerels on treatment T3 were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) than the other treatment groups. Conclusion: The oral administration of BCSP in the role of a NAB at a dose of 0.9 mg/kg BW for 56 days improved the growth performance and pectoralis muscle, especially the CC, FA, NM, MA, and PCNA-positive cells parameters, but did not affect the PMW, APM, and testis of pelung cockerels. The administration of testosterone at 3 mg/day for 56 days contributed to the decrease in TW and DST, as well as atrophy of the seminiferous tubules of pelung cockerels. Keywords: growth performance, muscle, natural aromatase blocker, pelung, testis.

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The Effect of Natural Aromatase Blockers on the Testicle Weight, Size of Wattle and Histopathological of Testis In Bangkok

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

The Effect of Zinc, Shell, and Fishbone Supplementations on Comb Width and Length of Bangkok Rooster

The Effect of Zinc, Shell, and Fishbone Supplementations on Comb Width and Length of Bangkok Rooster

Zinc and Shell Flour as Innovative Natural Aromatase Blocker to Increase Testosterone Concentration

Growth, pectoralis muscle performance, and testis of pelung cockerels (Gallus gallus gallus [Linnaeus, 1758]) supplemented with blood clam shell powder (Anadara granosa [Linnaeus, 1758])

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