The Effect of Nanotube Content and Orientation on the Mechanical Properties of Polymer-Nanotube Composite Fibers: Separating Intrinsic Reinforcement from Orientational Effects

Blighe, Fiona M.; Young, Karen; Vilatela, Juan J.; Windle, Alan H.; Kinloch, Ian A.; Deng, Libo; Young, Robert J.; Coleman, Jonathan N.

doi:10.1002/adfm.201000940

Cited by 74 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…8 Furthermore, the removal of SWNT aggregates could alleviate stress-concentration points and defect sites along the fiber length and higher breaking strains and toughness (breaking energy) could be attained. 16 The properties obtained for the composite fibers after centrifugation of the SWNT dispersion confirmed this with an enhancement of the toughness by 20% (from 15.9 to 19 J g À1 ) and higher breaking strain (12% compared to 9% for non-centrifuged sample) recorded. It is noteworthy that these improvements in properties are observed despite the fact that $50% of the initial SWNT concentration decreased after centrifugation (resulting in a SWNT loading of 0.02 V f in the composite fiber, Table S1 †).…”

Section: The Spinning Feed Formulation and Wet-spinning Parameterssupporting

confidence: 58%

“…8,13,14 One of the most successful methods used to prepare SWNT-based composite fibers via wetspinning is to inject a surfactant stabilised SWNT dispersion into a bath that contains a polymer coagulant. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] In this regard, a compromise in electrical conductivity, particularly for SWNTbased composite fibers that display excellent mechanical reinforcement, is observed. As an example, supertough PVA-SWNT fibers (prepared via the coagulation method), exhibit modulus, strength and toughness values as high as 80 GPa, 1.8 GPa and 570 J g À1 , respectively; 17 however, the electrical conductivity is low ($2.5 S cm À1 ) a direct result of the adverse effect of PVA (an insulator) on the overall electrical conductivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[22][23][24][25] In a mechanically reinforced system, enhancement is generally achieved at low CNT loadings (typically 1 to 10% of SWNT). 16,26 To achieve considerable electrical conductivity, exceeding the percolation threshold, higher loadings (typically 10 to 80%) are required. 10,27 However, SWNT dispersions with highly exfoliated tubes (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploiting high quality PEDOT:PSS–SWNT composite formulations for wet-spinning multifunctional fibers

2012

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In order to exploit the inherent properties of carbon nanotubes (CNT) in any polymer composite, systematic control of carbon nanotube loading and protocols that mitigate against CNT bundling are required. If such composites are to be rendered in fiber form via wet-spinning, then CNT bundling during the coagulation process must also be avoided. Here we have achieved this by utilizing highly exfoliated single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonicacid) (PEDOT:PSS) to obtain wet-spinnable composite formulations at various nanotube volume fractions (V f ). The addition of only 0.02 V f of aggregate-free and individually dispersed SWNT resulted in a significant enhancement of modulus, tensile strength, electrical conductivity and two cell electrode specific capacitance of PEDOT:PSS-SWNT composite fibers to 5.2 GPa, 200 MPa, 450 S cm −1 and 59 F g −1 by the rate of dY/dV f = 89 GPa, dσ/dV f = 3.2 GPa, dS/dV f = 13300 S cm −1 and 6 folds, respectively. In order to exploit the inherent properties of carbon nanotubes (CNT) in any polymer composite, systematic control of carbon nanotube loading and protocols that mitigate against CNT bundling are required. If such composites are to be rendered in fiber form via wet-spinning, then CNT bundling during the coagulation process must also be avoided. Here we have achieved this by utilizing highly exfoliated single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonicacid) (PEDOT:PSS) to obtain wet-spinnable composite formulations at various nanotube volume fractions (V f ). The addition of only 0.02 V f of aggregate-free and individually dispersed SWNT resulted in a significant enhancement of modulus, tensile strength, electrical conductivity and two cell electrode specific capacitance of PEDOT:PSS-SWNT composite fibers to 5.2 GPa, 200 MPa, 450 S cm À1 and 59 F g À1 by the rate of dY/dV f ¼ 89 GPa, ds/dV f ¼ 3.2 GPa, dS/dV f ¼ 13 300 S cm À1 and 6 folds, respectively.

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Section: The Spinning Feed Formulation and Wet-spinning Parameterssupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploiting high quality PEDOT:PSS–SWNT composite formulations for wet-spinning multifunctional fibers

2012

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“…of polymer during the rinse and dry processes [42,43]. The alignment is expected to enhance the performances of mechanical properties of SWCNT/polymer composites [44]. The alignment would also provide significant enhancement of electrical conductivity [45,46], resulting from the effective creation of conductive nanotube network inside the wire, as seen in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

3D microfabrication of single-wall carbon nanotube/polymer composites by two-photon polymerization lithography

Ushiba

Shoji

Masui

et al. 2013

Carbon

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Please cite this article as: Ushiba, S., Shoji, S., Masui, K., Kuray, P., Kono, J., Kawata, S., 3D microfabrication of single-wall carbon nanotube/polymer composites by two-photon polymerization lithography, Carbon (2013), doi: http://dx.doi.org/10. 1016/j.carbon.2013.03.020 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. AbstractWe present a method to develop single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT)/polymer composites into arbitrary three-dimensional micro/nano structures. Our approach, based on two-photon polymerization lithography, allows one to fabricate three-dimensional SWCNT/polymer composites with a minimum spatial resolution of a few hundreds nm. A near-infrared femtosecond pulsed laser beam was focused onto a SWCNT-dispersed photo resin, and the laser light solidified a nanometric volume of the resin. The focus spot was three-dimensionally scanned, resulting in the fabrication of arbitrary shapes of SWCNT/polymer composites.SWCNTs were uniformly distributed throughout the whole structures, even in a few hundreds nm thick nanowires. Furthermore, we also found an intriguing phenomenon that SWCNTs were self-aligned in polymer nanostructures, promising improvements in mechanical and electrical properties. Our method has great potential to open up a wide range of applications such as micro-and nanoelectromechanical systems, micro/nano actuators, sensors, and photonics devices based on CNTs. Main Text

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“…Ammonia is also flammable at concentrations of approximately 15-28% by volume in air. An acceptable 8 h exposure limit at 25ppm and a short-term (15 min) exposure level at 35ppm by volume has been set as the threshold limit value for NH 3 [56].…”

Section: Composite Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased response/recovery lifetimes and reinforcement of polyaniline nanofiber films using carbon nanotubes

Blighe

Diamond

Coleman

et al. 2012

Carbon

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The Effect of Nanotube Content and Orientation on the Mechanical Properties of Polymer-Nanotube Composite Fibers: Separating Intrinsic Reinforcement from Orientational Effects

Cited by 74 publications

References 48 publications

Exploiting high quality PEDOT:PSS–SWNT composite formulations for wet-spinning multifunctional fibers

Exploiting high quality PEDOT:PSS–SWNT composite formulations for wet-spinning multifunctional fibers

3D microfabrication of single-wall carbon nanotube/polymer composites by two-photon polymerization lithography

Increased response/recovery lifetimes and reinforcement of polyaniline nanofiber films using carbon nanotubes

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