The effect of nacre extract on cord blood‐derived endothelial progenitor cells: A natural stimulus to promote angiogenesis?

Abstract

Angiogenesis is a critical parameter to consider for the development of tissue‐engineered bone substitutes. The challenge is to promote sufficient vascularization in the bone substitute to prevent cell death and to allow its efficient integration. The capacity of nacre extract to restore the osteogenic activity of osteoarthritis osteoblasts has already been demonstrated. However, their angiogenic potential on endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) was not yet explored. Therefore, the current study aimed at investigating if nacreous molecules affect EPC behavior. The gene and protein expression levels of endothelial cell (EC)‐specific markers were determined in EPCs cultivated in presence of a nacre extract (ethanol soluble matrix [ESM] at two concentrations: 100 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL (respectively abbreviated ESM100 and ESM200)). Cell functionality was explored by proangiogenic factors production and in vitro tube formation assay. ESM200 increased the expression of some EC‐specific genes. The in vitro tube formation assay demonstrated that ESM200 stimulated tubulogenesis affecting angiogenic parameters. We demonstrated that a stimulation with 200 μg/mL of ESM increased angiogenesis key elements. This in vitro study strongly highlights the proangiogenic effect of ESM. Due to its osteogenic properties, previously demonstrated, ESM could constitute the key element to develop an ideal prevascularized bone substitute. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2019.

The Role of Marine Organic Extract in Bone Regeneration: A Pilot Study

“…ese findings suggest that MOEmodified experimental materials displayed promising osteoinductive properties that, under the conditions and limitations of the present study, were considered of fundamental importance for the formation of new bone. Several studies have reported similar results [34][35][36][37][38][39], thereby corroborating the findings of the present study.…”

Key Insights, Tools, and Future Prospects on Oyster Shell End-of-Life: A Critical Analysis of Sustainable Solutions

“…Brion et al (2015) originally described the osteogenic effect of ESM from the nacre of P. margaritifera . , This topic was further investigated in vitro by the stimulation of mouse preosteoblasts and human osteoarthritis osteoblasts with ionic fractions of ESM . This study reveals clues about the cationic nature of the osteogenic compounds found in the nacre of oyster shells.…”

Preclinical safety study of nacre powder in an intraosseous sheep model

“…17 The organic phase of nacre is composed of chitin, proteins, peptides, sugars and lipids and it is the fraction that is recognised to be responsible for its regenerative potential. [18][19][20][21][22][23] Several studies have been published that investigate the composition and efficacy of either the water soluble or the ethanol soluble matrices obtained from nacre powder. 19 20 No preclinical safety study on the use of nacre powder as a bone graft has been Open access performed to date, despite its widespread use in both in vivo and in vitro studies.…”

“…Its brick-like structure is composed of crystallised calcium carbonate in the form of aragonite surrounded by an organic matrix responsible for nacre mechanical properties 17. The organic phase of nacre is composed of chitin, proteins, peptides, sugars and lipids and it is the fraction that is recognised to be responsible for its regenerative potential 18–23. Several studies have been published that investigate the composition and efficacy of either the water soluble or the ethanol soluble matrices obtained from nacre powder 19 20…”