The Effect of N Fertilizer Application Timing on Wheat Yield on Chernozem Soil

Kostić, Marko; Tagarakis, Aristotelis C.; Ljubičić, Nataša; Blagojević, Dragana; Radulović, Mirjana; Ivošević, Bojana; Rakić, Dušan

doi:10.3390/agronomy11071413

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Overall, average grain yield was 53%, and biomass was 17% greater in 2020 compared with 2019, but biomass differences were apparent only for fertilizer rates above the control. A significant environment by N application effect on wheat biomass, NR, and NUtE was reported with prior studies (Bryant‐Schlobohm et al., 2020; Hawkesford & Riche, 2020; Kostić et al., 2021). Harvest indices were significantly higher with the unfertilized control and remained fairly constant with N application possibly because of greater vegetative growth that increased the proportion of stover with N application rate compared with the unfertilized control.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Nitrogen fertilizer and tillage intensity affected winter wheat macronutrient uptake and utilization efficiencies

Obour

Holman

Simón

et al. 2023

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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Application of N fertilizer and no-tillage (NT) can increase winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) production through improvements in plant available soil water and nutrient availability. However, long-term tillage and N management interaction effects on winter wheat nutrient uptake are not well known. The objective of this study was to quantify winter wheat grain yield, macronutrient removal, and utilization responses to N fertilizer application and tillage intensity. The study was conducted in 2019 and 2020 at Hays, Kansas after 45 years of tillage and N fertility experiment. Treatments were a combination of two tillage practices (CT, conventional tillage; NT) and four rates of N (0, 45, 90, and 134 kg ha −1 ). Results showed a significant tillage and N fertilizer interaction effect on wheat grain yield, nutrient removal (NR) (grain-N, -P, -K, -Mg; stover-K, and total P), and nutrient concentration (stover-K and -S). Two different quadratic models fit the N rate-to-yield relation for CT and NT with yields of 4.3 and 5.2 Mg ha −1 at agronomic optimal N rates of 119 and 199 kg N ha −1 , respectively. This suggests that the N rates were not high enough to predict optimum N rate for NT in this environment. With an average yield of 3.30 Mg ha −1 , wheat removed about 113 kg N ha −1 , 17 kg P ha −1 , 56 kg K ha −1 , 7 kg Ca ha −1 , 8 kg Mg ha −1 , and 8 kg S ha −1 , irrespective of tillage practice. Grain yields and NR were greater for CT at smaller N rates (<90 kg N ha −1 ) and for NT at greater N rates (>90 kg ha −1 ). Findings of the study suggest that adequate N fertility (>90 kg ha −1 ) should be maintained to improve grain yield, nutrient uptake, and utilization efficiency in dryland NT wheat production systems.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Nitrogen fertilizer and tillage intensity affected winter wheat macronutrient uptake and utilization efficiencies

Obour

Holman

Simón

et al. 2023

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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“…Fertilizers represent a category of inputs with a decisive role in defining agricultural productions, their quality, economic yields, differentiated in relation to the crop plant, the category of agricultural products, and the level of analysis [74,75]. Strong (and very strong) correlations were found between fertilizers and wheat production, respectively, and production quality indices, in different experimental conditions, regarding the location, soil types, cultivated wheat genotypes, types of fertilizers, and cultivation technologies [76][77][78]. Based on the strong correlations between biomass, grain production, and wheat quality indices, it has been suggested that biomass can be used as an indicator of cereal response to N in terms of yield [79].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Different Methods and Models for Grass Cereals’ Production Estimation: Case Study in Wheat

Sala

Herbei²

2023

Agronomy

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Adequate management of agricultural crops requires, among other things, accessible and sufficiently accurate methods for assessing plant nutrition and crop vegetation status and for agricultural production estimation. Sustainable technologies are based on correct decisions, prompt interventions and appropriate works, and correct information in real time, and the obtaining information methods can be simple, accessible, and appropriate in relation to different user categories (e.g., farmers, researchers, decision makers). This study used mineral fertilization (NPK), with 11 experimental variants, to ensure a controlled differentiated nutrition of the wheat plants, “Alex” cultivar. Regression analysis was used to obtain models in estimating wheat production, by methods based on: (a) NPK fertilizers applied (F) in the 11 experimental variants; (b) physiological indices (PI), represented by the chlorophyll content (Chl), and plant nutrition status on the experimental variants, in terms of macroelement content in the leaves, evaluated by foliar diagnosis (Nfd, Pfd, Kfd); (c) imaging analysis (IA) based on digital images of the wheat experimental variants, and calculated indices. A set of models was obtained, with different precision levels and statistical safety: R2 = 0.763, p = 0.013 for the model based on applied fertilizers (NPKF); R2 = 0.883, p < 0.01 for the model based on foliar diagnosis (NPKfd); R2 = 0.857, p < 0.01 for the model based on chlorophyll content (Chl); R2 = 0.975, p < 0.01 for the model based on normalized rgb color parameters (RGB color system); R2 = 0.925, p < 0.01 for the model based on the DGCI calculated index. The model based on applied fertilizers (F model) was tested in relation to wheat production data, for a period of six years, communicated by other studies. Fit degree analysis between predicted yield based on the F model and real yield (six-year average) was confirmed by R2 = 0.717, compared to R2 = 0.763 for the F model in this study. The models obtained in this study, related to the “Alex” wheat cultivar, can be used for other studies, but with a certain margin of error, given the coefficient values, specific to the obtained equations. The approach concept, methods, and models presented can be opportunities for other studies to facilitate their comparative analysis, their adaptation, and/or development in the form of new models that are useful in different studies, research, or agricultural practices, for their integration into crop management strategies.

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“…Previous works addressed the effects of split application on wheat grain yield and grain N concentration (Colecchia et al., 2015; Hooper et al., 2015; Xia et al., 2017). Split N application at sowing and tillering or at tillering and stem elongation is a usual practice in wheat crops (Kostić et al., 2021; Lopez‐Bellido et al., 2012; Schulz et al., 2015) because wheat begins to require more N at the end of tillering when biomass production strongly increases, and the root system is sufficiently dense to extract the applied N (Muñoz‐Romero et al., 2010). More recent works reported that weather conditions and total N input are more relevant than timing and fractioning of N fertilizer on grain yield and protein content (Lopez‐Bellido et al., 2012; Tedone et al., 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A single nitrogen application maintains wheat yield and quality in dryland Mediterranean Vertisol

Fernandez‐Garcia,

Lopez‐Bellido,

Lopez‐Bellido

et al. 2023

Soil Use and Management

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PurposeIn dryland Mediterranean Vertisols, split nitrogen (N) application is usual in wheat crops. Due to the high clay content of these soils and the low rainfall, a single application might offer ecological and economic benefits without yield loss.MethodsWe conducted a five‐year study as part of a long‐term experiment and compared the split application of N (50 % at tillering, 50 % at stem elongation phase) with a single application (tillering) in 10 cropping systems resulting from the combination of type of cultivation (no‐till and conventional tillage) and two‐year crop rotations (wheat‐wheat, wheat‐fallow, wheat‐chickpea, wheat‐faba bean and wheat‐sunflower).Resultsdepending on the system × crop rotation interaction, a single application of 100 or 150 kg N ha ‐1 maintained grain yield, protein content and apparent N recovery, with no effect on nitrate content compared with a traditional split application. The average grain yield did not differ between split and single application of N (3.27 and 3.23 Mg ha‐1 respectively for single and split application of 100 kg N ha‐1 rate; 3.46 and 3.40 Mg ha‐1 respectively for single and split application of 150 kg N ha‐1 rate). The soil nitrate concentration at pre‐seeding in the 0–0.3 m layer showed similar results, except in the case of the wheat‐faba rotation, with lower nitrate concentration in the sub‐subplots of single application and no‐till.ConclusionsThis work shows that adopting the single N application strategy in rotations on Mediterranean dryland Vertisols will reduce economic and environmental costs.

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The Effect of N Fertilizer Application Timing on Wheat Yield on Chernozem Soil

Cited by 18 publications

References 29 publications

Nitrogen fertilizer and tillage intensity affected winter wheat macronutrient uptake and utilization efficiencies

Nitrogen fertilizer and tillage intensity affected winter wheat macronutrient uptake and utilization efficiencies

Evaluation of Different Methods and Models for Grass Cereals’ Production Estimation: Case Study in Wheat

A single nitrogen application maintains wheat yield and quality in dryland Mediterranean Vertisol

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