“…In particular, scholars have emphasized the importance of network effects (Laird et al, 2005;Condeço-Melhorado et al, 2011) and suggest that the topological structure characteristics of networks are an important consideration when measuring accessibility (Dupuy and Stransky, 1996;Meijers et al, 2012;Yu et al, 2013). The layout of network structures at different scales may influence various travel behavior and patterns (Wang et al, 2011;Parthasarathi et al, 2012;Tsou and Cheng, 2013). At the city scale, the design of the transportation network structures may influence spatial activities by shaping urban layouts.…”