The effect of multiple rapid passage on strains of Babesia divergens: A comparison of the clinical effects on juvenile and adult cattle of passaged and irradiated parasites

Taylor, Subhashni; Kenny, J.; Mallon, TR

doi:10.1016/0021-9975(83)90026-9

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This phenomenon, known as inverse age resistance, has been demonstrated in numerous epidemiological studies (3,32,33,60,73,122,171). Even among experimentally infected gerbils, immature animals are more resistant to disease than adults (108).…”

Section: Immunitymentioning

confidence: 90%

“…So far, all the methods used to reduce the virulence of live parasites in cattle have failed to produce consistent results. These methods have included rapid passage in splenectomized calves (171), which is the attenuation method of choice for B. bovis; rapid passage in gerbils (133); reduction of the infective dose (152); and the use of gamma irradiation (115,150,151,152,171,174). Evidence suggests that B. divergens may be attenuated by continuous in vitro culture (186), but no trials in cattle with such material have been successful.…”

Section: Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Babesia divergens , a Bovine Blood Parasite of Veterinary and Zoonotic Importance

et al. 2003

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Babesia divergens is an intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite, transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus, and is the main agent of bovine babesiosis in Europe. It is not only a cause of significant loss to the cattle industry; it can also infect immunocompromised humans, causing medical emergencies characterized by rapid fulmination and parasitemias that may exceed 70%. The current emphasis in Europe on sustainable agriculture and extensification is likely to lead to an increase in vector tick populations with increased risk of infection. Despite the veterinary and zoonotic importance of this parasite, relatively little research has been carried out on B. divergens, and many questions regarding the parasite's epidemiology and the host's response remain unanswered. A better understanding of the species' biology and host-parasite interactions may lead to improved control mechanisms and new trends in vaccine and antibabesial drug development. This review provides the first comprehensive summary of B. divergens biology, including its morphology, life cycle, and host specificity, and the current state of knowledge of both human and bovine infections

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Section: Immunitymentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Babesia divergens , a Bovine Blood Parasite of Veterinary and Zoonotic Importance

et al. 2003

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“…In severe and often fatal cases, B. bovis- infected animals eventually suffer from cerebral babesiosis. Bovine babesiosis is a disease of the adult animals as juveniles are immune until they are at least 6-8 months old (Brown, et al, 2006, Taylor, et al, 1983). It is endemic to most of the world, and the distribution of the disease is entirely dependent upon the geographical localization of the tick vector, Rhipicephalus sp .…”

Section: Inhibition Of Apicomplexan Parasite Growth and Replicatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended-spectrum antiprotozoal bumped kinase inhibitors: A review

Voorhis

Doggett

Parsons

et al. 2017

Experimental Parasitology

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Many life-cycle processes in parasites are regulated by protein phosphorylation. Hence, disruption of essential protein kinase function has been explored for therapy of parasitic diseases. However, the difficulty of inhibiting parasite protein kinases to the exclusion of host orthologues poses a practical challenge. A possible path around this difficulty is the use of bumped kinase inhibitors for targeting calcium dependent protein kinases that contain atypically small gatekeeper residues and are crucial for pathogenic apicomplexan parasites’ survival and proliferation. In this review, we review efficacy against the kinase target, the parasite growth in vitro, and in animal infection models, as well as the relevant pharmacokinetic and safety parameters of bumped-kinase inhibitors.

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“…There is a plethora of field reports that adult cattle are more likely to fall ill with babesiosis than calves (Smith & Kilborne 1893, Pound 1897, Kragerad 1901, Bergman & Waxberg 1915, Klarin 1925, Hinderson 1928, Legg 1933, Riek 1968, Pipano 1969, Callow 1977, Callow & Dalgliesh 1982, Taylor et al 1983, Gray et al 1983, Gray & Murphy 1985, Christensson & Thorburn 1987, Christensson & Enfors 1987. The phenomenon of inverse age resistance has been associated with maternally transferred immunity (Hall 1960, 1963, Hall et al 1968) and from observations reported by Ross & Lohr (1970) and Weisman et al (1974).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inverse Age Resistance to Experimental Babesia Diver gens Infection in Cattle.

Christensson

1989

Acta Vet Scand

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The effect of multiple rapid passage on strains of Babesia divergens: A comparison of the clinical effects on juvenile and adult cattle of passaged and irradiated parasites

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

Babesia divergens , a Bovine Blood Parasite of Veterinary and Zoonotic Importance

Babesia divergens , a Bovine Blood Parasite of Veterinary and Zoonotic Importance

Extended-spectrum antiprotozoal bumped kinase inhibitors: A review

Inverse Age Resistance to Experimental Babesia Diver gens Infection in Cattle.

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