The Effect of Multiple Injections of Progesterone on the Turgescent Perineum of the Baboon (Papio Porcarius)

Gillman, Joseph

doi:10.1210/endo-26-6-1072

Cited by 36 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…It is also reasonable to assume that ovulation may not occur in all cycles with sexual swellings; however, I could not determine ovulatory rates from the current data. According to previous studies, progesterone administration induces detumescence of sexual swelling in chimpanzees and other primates by inducing localized estrogen withdrawal and down-regulation of estrogen receptors [Carlisle et al, 1981;Gillman, 1940;Gillman & Stein, 1941;Graham, 1973;Ozasa & Gould, 1982;West et al, 1990]. This experimental evidence has bolstered support for a tight temporal relationship between ovulation and swelling detumescence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Because the sexual skin swells in response to estrogen activity [Onouchi & Kato, 1983;Ozasa & Gould, 1982], the period of maximal sexual swelling should encompass most mid to late follicular activity. Progesterone activity in the luteal phase induces swelling detumescence [Carlisle et al, 1981;Gillman, 1940;Gillman & Stein, 1941;Ozasa & Gould, 1982;West et al, 1990]; therefore, most luteal activity should occur after detumescence.…”

Section: Classification Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reproductive endocrinology of wild female Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii): methodological considerations and the role of hormones in sex and conception

Thompson

2005

American J Primatol

115

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Fecal and urine samples were collected from 81 female East African chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in three major study populations in Gombe National Park, Tanzania, and Budongo Forest Reserve and Kibale National Park, Uganda. In this study I evaluated issues related to sample storage and assay reliability, and used these methods to investigate the significance of ovarian hormone levels in terms of conception success and sexual behavior. Drying of feces proved to be an effective technique and resulted in hormonal concentrations that were significantly correlated with concentrations in frozen feces. Estimates of ovarian steroid production based on urine and fecal sampling were significantly correlated with each other. The ovarian cycle profiles obtained, which were aligned relative to sexual swelling detumescence, corroborate previous findings in wild west African chimpanzees [Deschner et al., Animal Behaviour 66:551-560, 2003] in suggesting that the fertile period is limited to the last week of tumescence, but that ovulatory timing is not as precise as previously thought. A comparison across cycles confirmed the hypothesis that higher ovarian steroid levels are associated with an increased probability of conception. Females that did conceive with relatively low hormone levels had poor reproductive outcomes. Sexual behavior was tied to the probability of conception both within and across cycles. Copulatory activity within cycles closely followed the estrogen profile and was timed to coincide, on average, with the peak fertile period of females. Further, rates of copulation were significantly higher during the fertile periods of cycles that led to conception than those that did not.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Classification Of Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive endocrinology of wild female Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii): methodological considerations and the role of hormones in sex and conception

Thompson

2005

American J Primatol

115

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“…Tumescence is thought to be initiated and maintained by estrogen (Gesquiere et al, 2007; Zuckerman and Parkes, 1939) while de-tumescence is stimulated by progesterone (Gillmann, 1940). Tumescence AUC tracked the trend in PDG and FSH across the study period (Figure 3e).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of a long‐term psychosocial stress on reproductive indicators in the baboon

O’Connor

Brindle

Shofer

et al. 2011

American J Phys Anthropol

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Psychosocial stress is thought to negatively impact fecundity, but human studies are confounded by variation in nutrition and lifestyle. Baboons offer a useful model to test the effect of prolonged mild stress on reproductive indicators in a controlled setting. Following relocation from social groups to solitary housing, a previously documented stressful event for non-human primates, daily urine samples, tumescence and menstrual bleeding were monitored in twenty baboons (Papio sp.) for 120–150 days. Specimens were assayed for estrone conjugates (E1C), pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (PDG), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and cortisol. Linear mixed effects models examined 1) the effects of stress on frequency of anovulation, hormone levels, tumescence and cycle length, and 2) the relationship of cortisol with reproductive indicators. Despite cortisol levels indicative of stress, anovulation was negligible (1% in 102 cycles). PDG, FSH, cycle length, and tumescence declined during the first four cycles, but began recovery by the fifth. Cortisol was negatively associated with FSH but not associated with PDG, E1C or tumescence. Ovulation, E1C, and luteal phase length were not affected. Tumescence tracked changes in FSH and PDG, and thus may be a useful indicator of stress on the reproductive axis. Elevated cortisol was associated with reduced FSH, supporting a model of cortisol action at the hypothalamus rather than the gonad. After 4–5 menstrual cycles the reproductive indicators began recovery, suggesting adjustment to new housing conditions. In conclusion, individual housing is stressful for captive baboons, as reflected by cortisol and reproductive indicators, although ovulation, a relatively direct proxy for fecundity, is unaffected.

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“…In captive animals, it has been shown that ovulation usually occurs around this maximal swelling period (Wildt et al 1977). Decreasing levels of oestrogen and increasing levels of progesterone following ovulation cause the swelling to deflate with the onset of the luteal phase, and laboratory baboon studies have shown progesterone to be a direct inhibitor of the sexual swelling (Gillmann 1940).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The timing of ovulation with respect to sexual swelling detumescence in wild olive baboons

et al. 2008

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Baboon researchers commonly use the timing of sexual swelling detumescence to infer the timing of ovulation. These estimates are then used for a variety of purposes, including the interpretation of male and female behaviour, assessment of likely paternity, and the calculation of gestation lengths. Although captive studies have measured the timing of ovulation with respect to detumescence, this has not been measured in wild baboons. Here, we use observational data on female sexual swellings, and hormonal data measured from faeces, to investigate the timing of ovulation with respect to detumescence in wild olive baboons. Our data show similar variability in the timing of ovulation with respect to detumescence as that produced by captive studies, although there are some notable differences, including the absence of any ovulations measured on or after the day of swelling detumescence. We discuss the importance of our results for baboon researchers using swellings to infer ovulation as part of their studies.

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The Effect of Multiple Injections of Progesterone on the Turgescent Perineum of the Baboon (Papio Porcarius)

Cited by 36 publications

References 0 publications

Reproductive endocrinology of wild female Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii): methodological considerations and the role of hormones in sex and conception

Reproductive endocrinology of wild female Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii): methodological considerations and the role of hormones in sex and conception

The effects of a long‐term psychosocial stress on reproductive indicators in the baboon

The timing of ovulation with respect to sexual swelling detumescence in wild olive baboons

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