The effect of multiple freeze-thaw cycles on the viscoelastic properties and microstructure of bovine superficial digital flexor tendon

Ekiert, Martyna; Karbowniczek, Joanna; Stachewicz, Urszula; Młyniec, Andrzej

doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104582

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The values of energy absorption oscillated between 65-85%, which is in line with results obtained in a study of human tendons by Kubo et al [30], where hysteresis was noted to be approximately 78%. Our results are also similar to those obtained by Ekiert et al [20] for fresh bovine SDFT tendons, although their values for hysteresis were slightly lower (approximately 55%). This may be explained by their different protocols, as they applied incremental stretching separated by relaxation steps.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Viscoelastic Properties Of Tendon Fascicle Bun...supporting

confidence: 92%

“…All tendons were obtained from a local abattoir (Name: Wedzonka-Zakład uboju i przetworstwa miesnego, Address: Poland, malopolskie, Slowackiego 100 St, 32-400 Myslenice) up to 24 h after slaughter. Porcine tendons were dissected and tested immediately after receiving the fresh tendons, while bovine and deer samples were properly secured using moistened gauze, then frozen and stored at −80 • C. On the day of testing, bovine and deer tendons were slowly thawed at 4 • C. As reported in the study by Ekiert et al [20], a single freeze-thaw cycle does not influence the mechanical properties of soft tendon tissue. Because of this, we decided to freeze bovine and deer tendons without any harm to the validation process of our testing system in terms of mechanical properties.…”

Section: Validation Procedures Of Our Developed System Using Mammalia...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results from ANOVA showed that there were no statistically significant differences between tested species in terms of hysteresis (p = 0.266), as well as relaxation (p = 0.362). Due to the fact that soft tendon tissue exhibits viscoelastic properties [20], we designed our measurement protocol in such a way that would allow us to calculate the value of hysteresis, reflecting the energy loss during tendon operation. As presented in Figure 7, we did not observe any statistically significant differences in hysteresis between G3, G5, and G7 groups, which suggests that the origin type of the tendon does not affect its viscoelastic properties.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Viscoelastic Properties Of Tendon Fascicle Bun...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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An in-House System for the Precise Measurement of Electrical Potentials and Mechanical Properties of Soft Tissues: Design and Validation Using Adult Mammalian Tendon Fascicle Bundles

et al. 2022

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Tissues, such as skin, bones, and tendons, exhibit a piezoelectric effect, which may be an important phenomenon in terms of tissue renewal and regeneration as well as the possibility of modifying their mechanical behavior. In this article, we present the design and development of an in-house system for the precise measurement of electrical potentials and mechanical properties of tendons. The system was validated using tendon fascicle bundles derived from positional as well as energy-storing tendons from various adult mammals (porcine, bovine, and deer samples). The presented system is able to capture changes in elastic and viscoelastic properties of tissue as well as its time–voltage response and, thus, may be used in a broad spectrum of future studies to uncover factors influencing piezoelectric phenomena in tendons. This, in turn, will help to optimize current methods used in physiotherapy and postoperative treatment for effective tendon recovery.

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Section: Evaluation Of Viscoelastic Properties Of Tendon Fascicle Bun...supporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Validation Procedures Of Our Developed System Using Mammalia...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluation Of Viscoelastic Properties Of Tendon Fascicle Bun...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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An in-House System for the Precise Measurement of Electrical Potentials and Mechanical Properties of Soft Tissues: Design and Validation Using Adult Mammalian Tendon Fascicle Bundles

et al. 2022

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“…Bovine superficial digital flexor tendon tissue has been shown to have a 6% to 9% decrease in tensile modulas after 1 freeze-thaw cycle thus it is possible our reported bovine LOHOF UTS and EAF values are lower than living tissue. 31 Additionally, UTS and EAF were determined by constant rate distraction while coxofemoral luxation is typically traumatic in origin. Reportedly, an increased strain rate may lead to a higher UTS and decreased elongation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical properties of an implant designed to stabilize the coxofemoral joint following luxation show dissimilarity to the native ligament of the head of the femur in cattle

Jordan

Lozier

Lakritz

et al. 2022

ajvr

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OBJECTIVE To improve upon the toggle-pin implant construction and develop a repeatable surgical technique to achieve coxofemoral stabilization in mature cattle. ANIMALS 9 adult bovine cadaveric coxofemoral joints, 8 bovine femurs, 2 beef calf cadavers. PROCEDURES Ultimate tensile strength and elongation at failure were measured for the native ligament of the head of the femur (LOHOF) harvested up to 48 hours after death, and the prosthetic prototype utilizing stainless-steel cable and prosthetic prototype utilizing nylon leader line were compared. Bovine femurs were utilized to locate the ideal and repeatable trajectory of the prosthetic ligament to exit at the origin of the LOHOF. Using fluoroscopy, thawed calf cadavers with radiopaque markers placed at sites of origin and insertion of the LOHOF were positioned to assess limb angle to maximize joint isometry resulting in the ideal placement of the LOHOF prosthesis. The study was performed between February 1, 2020, and December 1, 2021. RESULTS The stainless-steel prototype had a significantly higher ultimate tensile strength and significantly decreased elongation at failure when compared to the LOHOF, while the nylon-based prototype had significantly decreased tensile strength and elongation at failure compared to the LOHOF. Therefore, neither prototypes were biomechanically similar to LOHOF. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The stainless-steel prosthetic prototype shows promise to provide superior stabilization to the luxated coxofemoral joint.

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“…Thus, samples may undergo several freeze‐thaw cycles over different lengths of time before testing. While several studies have investigated the effects of different storage conditions on tendon mechanical properties, the results are conflicting 8 . Comparisons between studies are potentially confounded by the evaluation of different freezing and thawing temperatures (e.g., freezing at −15°C, 9 −20°C, 2 −30°C, 10 −80°C 11 ; and thawing at room temperature, 10 4°C to room temperature, 2 37°C baths 4 ), as well as variations in the use and reporting of number of freeze‐thaw cycles, the duration of time for each condition and the overall storage time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tendon biomechanical properties are altered by storage duration but not freeze‐thaw temperatures or cycles

Blaker,

Ashton,

Hartnell

et al. 2024

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Tendon allograft and xenograft processing often involves one or more steps of freezing and thawing. As failure strength is an important graft consideration, this study aimed to evaluate effects on failure properties when varying freeze‐thaw conditions. Kangaroo tendons, a potential xenograft source, were used to evaluate changes in ultimate tensile strength (UTS), failure strain and elastic modulus after exposure to different freezer‐storage temperatures (−20°C vs. −80°C), storage durations (1, 3, 6, 9, or 12 months), number of freeze‐thaw cycles (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 10), or freeze‐thaw temperature ranges (including freezing in liquid nitrogen to thawing at 37°C). Tendons stored for 6 or more months had significantly increased UTS and elastic modulus compared with 1 or 3 months of storage. This increase occurred irrespective of the freezing temperature (−20°C vs. −80°C) or the number of freeze‐thaw cycles (1 vs. 10). In contrast, UTS, failure strain and the elastic modulus were no different between storage temperatures, number of freeze‐thaw cycles and multiple freeze‐thaw cycles across a range of freeze and thaw temperatures. Common freeze‐thaw protocols did not negatively affect failure properties, providing flexibility for graft testing, storage, transportation and decellularisation procedures. However, the change in properties with the overall storage duration has implications for assessing the consistent performance of grafts stored for short versus extended periods of time (<6 months vs. >6 months), and the interpretation of data obtained from tissues of varying or unknown storage durations.

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The effect of multiple freeze-thaw cycles on the viscoelastic properties and microstructure of bovine superficial digital flexor tendon

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

An in-House System for the Precise Measurement of Electrical Potentials and Mechanical Properties of Soft Tissues: Design and Validation Using Adult Mammalian Tendon Fascicle Bundles

An in-House System for the Precise Measurement of Electrical Potentials and Mechanical Properties of Soft Tissues: Design and Validation Using Adult Mammalian Tendon Fascicle Bundles

Biomechanical properties of an implant designed to stabilize the coxofemoral joint following luxation show dissimilarity to the native ligament of the head of the femur in cattle

Tendon biomechanical properties are altered by storage duration but not freeze‐thaw temperatures or cycles

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