The effect of motion on visual acuity of the compound eye: A theoretical analysis

Srinivasan, Mandyam V.; Bernard, Gary D.

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(75)90029-2

Cited by 79 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, the number of photons absorbed by the photoreceptors depends not only on the intrinsic physiological and optical properties of the eye, but also on the motion of the animal relative to the contrast-rich edges in the environment and vice versa (Srinivasan and Bernard, 1975;Juusola, 1993). Therefore, in natural illumination, the contrasts to be detected by photoreceptors have a random, large amplitude and frequency variation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrast gain, signal-to-noise ratio, and linearity in light-adapted blowfly photoreceptors.

Juusola

Kouvalainen

Järvilehto

et al. 1994

The Journal of General Physiology

102

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Response properties of short-type (RI-6) photoreceptors of the blowfly (CaUiphora vicina) were investigated with intracellular recordings using repeated sequences of pseudorandomly modulated light contrast stimuli at adapting backgrounds covering 5 log intensity units. The resulting voltage responses were used to determine the effects of adaptational regulation on signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), signal induced noise, contrast gain, linearity and the dead time in phototransduction. In light adaptation the SNR of the photoreceptors improved more than 100-fold due to (a) increased photoreceptor voltage responses to a contrast stimulus and (b) reduction of voltage noise at high intensity backgrounds. In the frequency domain the SNR was attenuated in low frequencies with an increase in the middle and high frequency ranges. A pseudorandom contrast stimulus by itself did not produce any additional noise. The contrast gain of the photoreceptor frequency responses increased with mean illumination and the gain was best fitted with a model consisting of two second order and one double pole of first order. The coherence function (a normalized measure of linearity and SNR) of the frequency responses demonstrated that the photoreceptors responded linearly (from 1 to 150 Hz) to the contrast stimuli even under fairly dim conditions. The theoretically derived and the recorded phase functions were used to calculate phototransduction dead time, which decreased in light adaptation from ~5-2.5 ms. This analysis suggests that the ability of fly photoreceptors to maintain linear performance under dynamic stimulation conditions results from the high early gain followed by delayed compressive feed-back mechanisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contrast gain, signal-to-noise ratio, and linearity in light-adapted blowfly photoreceptors.

Juusola

Kouvalainen

Järvilehto

et al. 1994

The Journal of General Physiology

102

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“…As animals move, they experience complex retinal image shifts (e.g. Eckert and Zeil, 2001; Kress and Egelhaaf, 2014;Schilstra and van Hateren, 1998;Srinivasan and Bernard, 1975). Image motion generated by pure translation provides useful information on heading direction and on the relative distance of objects (Collett et al, 1993), but image motion signals generated by rotation degrade the quality of that visual information (reviewed in Zeil et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Head roll stabilisation in the nocturnal bull ant Myrmecia pyriformis: Implications for visual navigation

Raderschall

Narendra

Zeil

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Ant foragers are known to memorise visual scenes that allow them to repeatedly travel along idiosyncratic routes and to return to specific places. Guidance is provided by a comparison between visual memories and current views, which critically depends on how well the attitude of the visual system is controlled. Here we show that nocturnal bull ants stabilise their head to varying degrees against locomotion-induced body roll movements, and this ability decreases as light levels fall. There are always un-compensated head roll oscillations that match the frequency of the stride cycle. Head roll stabilisation involves both visual and non-visual cues as ants compensate for body roll in complete darkness and also respond with head roll movements when confronted with visual pattern oscillations. We show that imperfect head roll control degrades navigation-relevant visual information and discuss ways in which navigating ants may deal with this problem.

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“…The angular width of the neural image ∆ρv (in the direction of motion) is the product ωτv, where ω is angular target speed and τv is the duration of the photoreceptor voltage response to this moving target at half maximum amplitude. Models of motion blur in insects have made clear predictions (Juusola and French, 1997;Srinivasan and Bernard, 1975). At low image speeds optical blur dominates so that the width of the neural image ∆ρv approximately equals the width of the target after optical blurring ∆ρc.…”

Section: Response Amplitude and Contrast Amplificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neural images of targets in photoreceptor arrays with previous studies we define response amplitude ∆V as the maximum hyperpolarisation from the background membrane potential. Following previous studies (Juusola and French, 1997;Srinivasan and Bernard, 1975), we plot ∆V against target angular speed ω (Fig.·4A,B). The male response is larger and, unlike the female, peaks in the chasing range 100-1000·deg.·s -1 .…”

Section: Response Amplitude and Contrast Amplificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural images of pursuit targets in the photoreceptor arrays of male and female housefliesMusca domestica

Burton

Laughlin

2003

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Male houseflies use a sex-specific frontal eye region, the lovespot, to detect and pursue mates. We recorded the electrical responses of photoreceptors to optical stimuli that simulate the signals received by a male or female photoreceptor as a conspecific passes through its field of view. We analysed the ability of male and female frontal photoreceptors to code conspecifics over the range of speeds and distances encountered during pursuit, and reconstructed the neural images of these targets in photoreceptor arrays. A male's lovespot photoreceptor detects a conspecific at twice the distance of a female photoreceptor, largely through better optics. This detection distance greatly exceeds those reported in previous behavioural studies. Lovespot photoreceptors respond more strongly than female photoreceptors to targets tracked during pursuit, with amplitudes reaching 25·mV. The male photoreceptor also has a faster response, exhibits a unique preference for stimuli of 20-30·ms duration that selects for conspecifics and deblurs moving images with response transients. White-noise analysis substantially underestimates these improvements. We conclude that in the lovespot, both optics and phototransduction are specialised to enhance and deblur the neural images of moving targets, and propose that analogous mechanisms may sharpen the neural image still further as it is transferred to visual interneurones.

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The effect of motion on visual acuity of the compound eye: A theoretical analysis

Cited by 79 publications

References 19 publications

Contrast gain, signal-to-noise ratio, and linearity in light-adapted blowfly photoreceptors.

Contrast gain, signal-to-noise ratio, and linearity in light-adapted blowfly photoreceptors.

Head roll stabilisation in the nocturnal bull ant Myrmecia pyriformis: Implications for visual navigation

Neural images of pursuit targets in the photoreceptor arrays of male and female housefliesMusca domestica

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