The Effect of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Water Extract on the Number of Ovarian Follicles and the Enzyme Levels of Superoxide Dismutase of Rattus Norvegicus Rats Exposed to Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA)

Abstract

Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) contraceptives result in reduced release of FSH and LH inhibiting ovarian follicular development and preventing ovulation. Prolonged hypoestrogen causes oxidative stress due to increased ROS. SOD enzymes prevent the formation of ROS. Moringa is a plant that contains high antioxidants and minerals which are cofactors for enzymes that protect against the effects of free radicals by neutralizing them before they damage cells and cause disease. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf water extract on the number of ovarian follicles and levels of the enzyme superoxide dismutase in Rattus norvegicus rats exposed to Depo Medroxy Progesterone Acetate. The study was carried out at the Bukittingi Veterinary Laboratory and the Biomedical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang. The study began in April - May 2021. The type of study was experimental with a Post Test Only Control Group Design with the number of sample of 30 female rats. The data were analyzed using the Shapiro Wilks normality test. After the parametric test is fulfilled, the hypothesis test is continued using one way ANOVA. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the group k- mean (3.40) K+ mean (1.00) in primary follicles and mean k-(3.80) and K+(1.20). In secondary follicles and mean k- (4.20) the mean k+(1.40) in tertiary follicles and mean k-(2.60) mean k+(1.00) in Degraaf follicles. The significance value for all types of follicles with ANOVA test with p value <0.05. The dose of 300 grams / kg / body weight per day is the dose that is most able to increase the number of ovarian follicles and SOD enzyme levels in the ovaries with a comparison rate close to the negative control group treatment value. The conclusion of the study was that administration of Moringa leaf water extract could increase the number of ovarian follicles and levels of the ovarian SOD enzyme in rats exposed to DMPA. Keywords: DMPA, Ovarian Follicle, SOD, Moringa leaf water extract.