The effect of mood on sleep onset latency and REM sleep in interepisode bipolar disorder.

Abstract

The present study investigates whether interepisode mood regulation impairment contributes to disturbances in sleep onset latency (SOL) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Individuals with interepisode bipolar disorder (n = 28) and healthy controls (n = 28) slept in the laboratory for 2 baseline nights, a happy mood induction night, and a sad mood induction night. There was a significant interaction whereby on the happy mood induction night the bipolar group exhibited significantly longer SOL than did the control group, while there was no difference on the baseline nights. In addition, control participants exhibited shorter SOL on the happy mood induction night compared to the baseline nights, a finding that was not observed in the bipolar group. On the sad mood induction night, participants in both groups had shorter SOL and increased REM density when compared to the baseline nights. Bipolar participants exhibited heightened REM density compared to control participants on both nights. These results raise the possibility that regulation of positive stimuli may be a contributor to difficulties with SOL, while hyperactivity may be characteristic of REM sleep.

A profile approach to impulsivity in bipolar disorder: the key role of strong emotions

“…Bipolar disorder has been robustly linked to reward sensitivity (29–32) and to intense emotional experiences (33, 34), as well as difficulties regulating emotion (35, 36). Early results from studies in analog samples suggest reward and strong emotion may also represent important preconditions for impulsivity in bipolar disorder.…”

Behavioral Treatment of Insomnia in Bipolar Disorder

“…Numerous researchers have proposed that increased goal-oriented behavior is a hallmark of bipolar disorder and suggested that disengagement from arousing stimuli may be difficult even between episodes (15, 16). For example, Talbot et al (17) found that increasing positive affect before bedtime through a positive mood induction in interepisode bipolar patients led to an increase in length of sleep onset. Individuals with bipolar disorder may need to get into bed, even though not yet sleepy, in order to begin the process of down-regulating sufficiently to achieve sleep onset.…”

You'll feel better in the morning: slow wave activity and overnight mood regulation in interepisode bipolar disorder

“…Baseline night means differ slightly between the sad and happy mood induction nights since a few individuals did not participate in both mood nights and a repeated measures analysis of variance excludes a participant if there is missing data on any of the observation points. Baseline sleep architecture has been described in previous reports from the full sample (Eidelman et al , 2010, Talbot et al , 2009). There were no significant effects of Group, Night or Group X Night for TST, N1, N2, or SWS (all p >0.05).…”

“…Participants were drawn from a larger protocol, results from which have been described in previous reports (e.g., Eidelman et al , 2010, Talbot et al , 2009). All procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008.…”

“…This study involved further analysis of an existing dataset (Eidelman et al , 2010, Talbot et al , 2009). Adults with interepisode BD and healthy adult controls spent 4 nights in the sleep laboratory: 1 screening night, 1 neutral (baseline) mood induction night, 1 negative (sad) mood induction night, and 1 positive (happy) mood induction night.…”