The Effect of Monoculture, Crop Rotation Combinations, and Continuous Bare Fallow on Soil CO2 Emissions, Earthworms, and Productivity of Winter Rye after a 50-Year Period

Bogužas, Vaclovas; Skinulienė, Lina; Butkevičienė, Lina Marija; Steponavičienė, Vaida; Petrauskas, Ernestas; Maršalkienė, Nijolė

doi:10.3390/plants11030431

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…SI in agricultural practices ideally starts with identifying the most suitable cropping systems for a region. By strategically incorporating two or three crops in a system, cropping system intensification can offset the negative outcomes of a monocropping system on soil, Environment, and economics [32]. The transition from 'cropping system intensification' to 'sustainable intensification of cropping system' needs further assessment of the systems in terms of multiple dimensions and yardsticks sensitive to climate change and market variability [1].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Economic Sustainability of Cropping Systems in the Salt-Affected Coastal Zone of West Bengal, India

Ray¹,

Mandal²,

Kabir³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Identifying productive, profitable and less risky cropping systems is important for sustaining farm-based livelihoods in the context of climatic uncertainties and market volatility in many developing nations. Reductionist field crop research identifies the best-bet solutions based on treatment replicates at a single point in time, which may not account for price instability under climatic uncertainties and volatile markets. Keeping this in mind, we estimated productivity, profitability and weather-related risk from eleven different rice-based cropping systems (eight existing and three potential systems) in the coastal region of West Bengal, India. Information on the crop management practices, yield and prices of the component crops of these eleven cropping systems, under ’best,’ ’normal’ and ‘worst’ situations (scenario), were collected through a ques-tionnaire survey on50 farms of Gosaba Block, West Bengal, India. Irrespective of the scenarios, the rice-lathyrus systems, followed by rice-onion and rice-lentil systems recorded the lowest rice-equivalent yields and system yields. However, the highest rice-equivalent yields and system yields were recorded for rice-chilli systems, followed by rice-tomato and rice-potato-green gram systems. Per hectare total paid-out cost (TPC) of rice-tomato systems was higher, followed by rice-chilli, rice-potato-green gram and rice-potato systems. However, irrespective of seasonal conditions (best, normal and worst), rice-chilli systems gave a higher net return followed by rice-tomato and rice-potato-green gram systems. The rice-fallow system recorded the lowest value for both parameters. Under the worst seasonal conditions, the rice-onion system gave a negative net return. Under all the scenarios, the highest B:C ratio was observed for rice-chilli, rice-tomato, rice-potato-green gram and rice-potato systems. The cumulative probability distribution of the rice-tomato system showed first-degree stochastic dominance over other systems and the rice-chilli system showed second-degree stochastic dominance over the rest of the systems. Only the rice-onion system had a small chance (< 1%) of a negative net return, while the rest of the cropping systems were highly likely to get a positive net return. Taking productivity, economics, and risk assessment of different rice-based systems into account, rice-vegetable systems, especially rice-tomato and rice-chilli among the existing systems and rice-potato-green gram system among the potential systems, can be recommended for sustainable intensification in these coastal saline tracts of the region. We also discuss additional socio-economic factors explored by in-depth in-terviews with the farmers, which might influence the adoption and upscaling of these cropping systems in the region.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Economic Sustainability of Cropping Systems in the Salt-Affected Coastal Zone of West Bengal, India

Ray¹,

Mandal²,

Kabir³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A portable, automated soil gas flux system LI-8100A with a 8100-103 chamber, analyser LI-8100A (LI-COR Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA) was used for the measurements of the soil surface CO 2 efflux (μmol m −2 s −1 ). In each record plot, in spring, rings 20 cm in diameter were installed in the soil, and three measurements were made in each plot [ 61 ]. CO 2 efflux was carried out three times per growing season, at the same time of the day (from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.) and at fixed locations in the field.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Water Capacity, Pore Size Distribution, and CO2 Emission in Different Soil Tillage Systems and Straw Retention

Steponavičienė

Bogužas

Sinkevičienė

et al. 2022

Plants

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The long-term implementation of crop rotation and tillage has an impact on the soil environment through inputs and soil disturbance, which in turn has an impact on soil quality. Tillage has a long-term impact on the agroecosystems. Since 1999, a long-term field experiment has been carried out at the Experimental Station of Vytautas Magnus University. The aim of this experiment is to investigate the effects of long-term various-intensity tillage and straw retention systems on soil physical properties. The results were obtained in 2013 and 2019 (spring rape was growing). According to the latest edition of the International Soil Classification System, the soil in the experimental field was classified as Endocalcaric Stagnosol (Aric, Drainic, Ruptic, and Amphisiltic). The treatments were arranged using a split-plot design. In a two-factor field experiment, the straw was removed from one part of the experimental field, and the entire straw yield was chopped and spread at harvest in the other part of the field (Factor A). There were three different tillage systems as a subplot (conventional deep ploughing, cover cropping with following shallow termination, and no-tillage) (Factor B). There were four replications. The long-term application of reduced tillage significantly increased soil water retention and improved the pore structure and CO2 emissions. Irrespective of the incorporation of straw, it was found that as the amount of water available to plants increases, CO2 emissions from the soil increase to some extent and then start to decrease. Simplified tillage and no-tillage in uncultivated soil reduce CO2 emissions by increasing the amount of water available to plants from 0.151 to 0.233 m3·m−3.

show abstract

“…Soil CO 2 emissions were measured three times per growing season: 21/06/2016, 19/07/2016, and 26/072016; 16/05/2017, 28/06/2017, and 01/08/2017 Measurements were carried out at the same time every day (from 9.00 a.m. to 4.00 p.m.) and at fixed locations in the field. The soil CO 2 emissions were measured using an infra-red gas analyzer and the soil surface CO 2 efflux was also measured (μmol m −2 s −1 ) [ 51 , 52 ]. A portable, automated soil gas flux system LI-8100A with an 8100-103 chamber and a LI-8100A analyzer (LI-COR Inc.) was used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual Effects of 50-Year-Term Different Rotations and Continued Bare Fallow on Soil CO2 Emission, Earthworms, and Fertility for Wheat Crops

Skinulienė

Marcinkevičienė

Butkevičienė

et al. 2022

Plants

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, our investigated hypothesis was that different pre-crops would have different effects on earthworm activity and soil CO2 emissions. We also hypothesized that a pre-crop clover–timothy mixture would perform best in terms of increasing the share of organic carbon in soil and, in this way, contribute to improving the sustainability of agroecosystems. The aim of this study was to explore the residual effects of using a 50-year-term of three different crop rotations and a continuous bare fallow period on soil CO2 emissions by investigating the soil earthworm populations, soil agrochemical properties, and winter wheat yields. A field experiment was carried out from 2016 to 2017 at Vytautas Magnus University in Lithuania (54°53′ N, 23°50′ E). The experiment was conducted in crop stands of winter wheat cv. ‘Skagen’, which were sown in three crop rotations with different pre-crops and a continuous bare fallow period. The pre-crop used for winter wheat in the cereal crop rotation (CE) was a vetch and oat mixture for green forage, LEG-CER; the pre-crop used for winter wheat in the field with row crops (FWR) crop rotation was black fallow, FAL-CER; the pre-crop used for winter wheat in the Norfolk (NOR) crop rotation was a clover–timothy mixture, GRS-CER; and finally, continuous bare fallow, FAL-CONTROL, was used as well. The highest soil CO2 emission intensity was determined after the pre-crops that left a large amount of plant residues (clover and timothy mixture) in the soil. Plant residues remaining after the pre-crop had the greatest effect on the number of earthworms in the soil after the harvesting of winter wheat. Winter wheat had the best yield when grown in grass and legume sequences. Crop rotation sequences that included perennial grasses accumulated higher contents of total nitrogen and organic carbon. The best values for the productivity indicators of wheat were obtained when it was grown after a fallow crop fertilized with cattle manure. An appropriate crop rotation that promotes the steady long-term contribution of organic matter and increases the content of organic carbon in the soil will have a positive effect on the agrochemical, biological, and physical properties of soil and agroecosystem sustainability; moreover, these effects cannot be achieved by technological means alone.

show abstract

The Effect of Monoculture, Crop Rotation Combinations, and Continuous Bare Fallow on Soil CO2 Emissions, Earthworms, and Productivity of Winter Rye after a 50-Year Period

Cited by 19 publications

References 44 publications

Assessment of Economic Sustainability of Cropping Systems in the Salt-Affected Coastal Zone of West Bengal, India

Assessment of Economic Sustainability of Cropping Systems in the Salt-Affected Coastal Zone of West Bengal, India

Soil Water Capacity, Pore Size Distribution, and CO2 Emission in Different Soil Tillage Systems and Straw Retention

Residual Effects of 50-Year-Term Different Rotations and Continued Bare Fallow on Soil CO2 Emission, Earthworms, and Fertility for Wheat Crops

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About