The Effect of Monetary Policy and Private Investment on Green Finance: Evidence from Hungary

Abstract

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of monetary policy and private investment on green finance in the case of Hungary. The study used an explanatory research design and a quantitative research approach. Quarterly secondary time series data over 8 years (2013–2020) were utilized. More specifically, the study used Johnson co-integration test and vector error correction model to investigate the long and short-run relationship among variables. The study’s findings imply that monetary policy, as measured by interest rates and the broad money supply, has a mixed effect on the level of green financing. Interest rates, in particular, have a negative and significant relationship with green finance in both the long and short run. However, a broad money supply has a positive but insignificant relationship with green finance in the long run. Private investment has a positive and significant relationship with green financing in both the long and short run. The study also used inward and outward foreign direct investment, and greenhouse gas as a control variable of the study. The study finding implies that inward foreign direct investment has a positive and significant relationship with green financing in both the long and short run. On the other hand, outward foreign direct investment and the level of greenhouse gas have a negative and significant relationship with green finance in both the long and short run. The study also discovered that over time series, disturbance in domestic private investment was the most determinant factor in forecast error variance of green financing. In addition, the result of document analysis shows that the majority of Hungarian credit institutions are dealing with their corporate strategy rather than their sustainability strategy. Hence, progressive approaches are needed from the credit institution to frame their strategy under the concept of sustainable development goals. The finding of this study will contribute to the existing literature on the study area, provide suggestions on green finance and green monetary policy approaches, provide implications on key stakeholders of green financing, as well as the experience of different economies. The study advises central banks, credit institutions, and regulatory authorities to consider both neoliberal and reformist approaches of green finance and green monetary policies in aid to increase green investment.

Privatization and Concession as Promising Forms of Interaction between the State and Business: Foreign and Russian Experience

“…На рис. 2 5 представлена динамика объемов выручки компаний с государственным участием. Нельзя не отметить тот факт, что, владея активами на сотни миллиардов долларов, страна собирает дивидендов от контролируемых им компаний в размере 5 %.…”

“…URL: https://fas.gov.ru/publications/18306 (дата обращения: 15.03.2022). 5 Аналитический центр при Правительстве РФ. URL: https://ac.gov.ru/files/publication/a/21642.pdf (дата обращения: 18.03.2022).…”

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Ensuring environmental inclusion in developing countries: the role of macroeconomic policies

“…While working on the same line, Chan ( 2020 ) does not find any empirical evidence of the relationship between monetary policy and the environment. Numerous economists used the term green financing to highlight the role of monetary policy in protecting the environment, that is, lowering the interest rate on green loans supports green financing and innovations that lead to improvement in environmental quality (Dikau and Volz 2021 ; Debrah et al 2022 ; Desalegn et al 2022 ). Many researchers have considered both fiscal and monetary policy instruments to analyze the effect of macroeconomic policies on the environment (Mughal et al 2021 ; Mahmood et al 2022 ; Zeraibi et al 2022 ).…”

Role of Environmental Sustainability, Psychological and Managerial Supports for Determining Bankers’ Green Banking Usage Behavior: An Integrated Framework

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