The effect of molybdenum on titanium’s castability in dental prosthesis applications: A numerical analysis

Abstract

The ISO 22674 standard categorizes metallic materials that are suitable for dental appliances and restoration fabrication. Nickel, cadmium, and beryllium are classified as hazardous elements in this international standard. However, many alloys containing nickel and beryllium are used in dentistry as biomedical metallic materials. Numerous studies on the toxicity of nickel and beryllium have led to serious doubts about the biological reliability of these alloys. Titanium therefore attracts great interest due to its potential use in dental prostheses. Commercially pure titanium has biocompatibility, low density, great corrosion resistance, and mechanical strength at room temperature. In spite of its numerous desirable properties, it is hard to cast titanium because of its high melting temperature. In this study, the microstructure and castability of binary Ti–Mo alloys (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%) was investigated using numerical methods to evaluate their potential use in dentistry. ProCAST software was used to model the casting behavior.

Are Titania Photocatalysts and Titanium Implants Safe? Review on the Toxicity of Titanium Compounds

“…For example, low pH, high concentration of fluoride (dental implants) and the presence of oxidizing agents are considered as the main factors inducing corrosion [ 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Moreover, it has been found that the toxicity of titanium alloys depends on the alloy composition [ 16 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ], and thus the careful selection of the material should be performed [ 18 ]. The first-generation titanium alloys, which contain Cr, Ni, Be and Co, are very toxic, whereas those with Al and V exhibit little toxicity and slight allergic effects.…”