The Effect of Moisture Stress on Nursery‐Grown Guayule with Respect to the Amount and Type of Growth and Growth Response on Transplanting<sup>1</sup>

Kelley, Omer J.; Hunter, Albert S.; Hobbs, Clinton H.

doi:10.2134/agronj1945.00021962003700030004x

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…It should be emphasized that the statement of LLOYD (12) that the rate of rubber secretion varies inversely with the rate of growth has been substantiated by the work of KELLEY, HUNTER and HOBBS (10) and others. The present data do not contradict any such principle for it concerns rate of rubber accumulation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 93%

CONCERNING THE FUNCTION OF RUBBER HYDROCARBON (CAOUTCHOUC) IN THE GUAYULE PLANT, PARTHENIUM ARGENTATUM A. GRAY

Traub

1946

Plant Physiol.

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LLOYD (11,12), who originally believed that rubber hydrocarbon (caoutchouc) in the guayule plant occurred in the parenchymatous cells as solid particles, stated that "rubber appears to have no physiological function in the guayule plant"; but this viewpoint was questioned by SPENCE (21) on the basis of work with oxydases in Hevea latex. Later LLOYD (13) demonstrated that the rubber in the parenchymatous cells of guayule "occurs as a colloidal suspension, precisely as in the latex of Hevea," and this led him to modify his viewpoint for he realized the possibility that rubber in colloidal suspension could be attacked by enzymes. In support of this hypothesis could be cited the work of FAIVRE (2, 3, 4), with Tragopogon porrifolius, Morus alba, and a Ficus sp., who varied the conditions, including absence of carbon dioxide, under which they were grown, and observed impoverishment of the latex; and the experiment of SPENCE (21) who reports that young Ficus elastica "grown in an atmosphere and soil free of carbon dioxide, gradually drew on their milk which became nothing more than water after a few weeks' time." However, LLOYD (13) insisted that proof was required for the hypothesis that the rubber hydrocarbon in guayule is actually a reserve substance and is made use of in metabolism.The results of SPENCE and MCCALLUM (22) showed a loss in grams of rubber per plant during conditions that favored utilization of carbohydrate reserves. However, observations during the course of experiments from 1942 to 1944 showed no such loss of rubber occurring in guayule plants under similar conditions. It was thought possible because of the great variability of seedling guayule plants that the results of SPENCE and MCCALLUM (22) may have been vitiated by failure to adequately replicate the treatments in order to eliminate the possibility of the differences being nothing more than chance variation. Since this subject is very important not only from the theoretical standpoint of plant physiology but also in connection with guayule rubber production, the work here reported was undertaken to test the conclusions of previous workers. MethodsGuayule nursery seedlings were grown in gravel culture in the greenhouse under three levels of carbon assimilation: Treatment I. No leaves removed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 93%

CONCERNING THE FUNCTION OF RUBBER HYDROCARBON (CAOUTCHOUC) IN THE GUAYULE PLANT, PARTHENIUM ARGENTATUM A. GRAY

Traub

1946

Plant Physiol.

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“…Water requirements for guayule have been studied extensively during every major period of guayule research (Ray et al, 2005), from the Emergency Rubber Project (Addicott and Pankhurst, 1944; Kelley et al, 1945; Hunter and Kelley, 1946; Benedict et al, 1947) to studies in the 1980s (Bucks et al, 1985a, 1985b, 1985c; Miyamoto and Bucks, 1985). The relationship of resin concentration to the amount of irrigation is unclear.…”

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confidence: 99%

Water‐Stress‐Induced Changes in Resin and Rubber Concentration and Distribution in Greenhouse‐Grown Guayule

2006

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Guayule (Parthenium argentatum A. Gray) is naturally subject to periods of water stress in its native habitat. It has been shown that, under cultivation, rubber yields increase with increasing irrigation, but rubber concentration per plant decreases. The effect of irrigation on resin concentration is unclear. The purpose of this study was to understand how resin concentration is affected by water stress, and why water stress increases rubber concentration. Greenhouse-grown guayule plants were subjected to water stress in four experiments, each of 3 mo duration. Two experiments were conducted in the summer, the active growth period, and two experiments were conducted in the winter. The water-stressed plants were irrigated when the average soil water potential reached either 20.6 MPa (first summer experiment) or 20.3 MPa (all subsequent experiments). Water-stress effects were monitored by measuring growth, C exchange, biomass, and resin and rubber production. Water-stressed plants had lower C exchange, growth, and leaf-to-stem ratio than well-watered plants. Resin concentration did not respond consistently to water stress. Rubber concentration was generally higher in the water-stressed plants than in the well-watered plants as a result of decreased leaf biomass in both the summer (33 vs. 45 g kg 21 ) and winter (36 vs. 52 g kg 21 ) and decreased stem diameter in the summer (8.1 vs. 11.0 mm). Rubber is deposited mainly in the bark; therefore, reduced leaf biomass and stem diameter contribute to higher rubber concentration in the water-stressed plants by increasing the relative amount of bark.

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“…Hydrologic research2 (16), war production problems involving guayule culture (11,12), and many other investigations ranging from field irrigation to greenhouse studies have made use of this technique. Briefly, the method consists of imbedding within the soil a plaster of Paris block containing two electrodes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It illustrates that the absorption block may offer at least a partial solution to soil water measurement problems. Other investigators (1,8,10,11,13,16) have confirmed the shape and general characteristics of this curve, which, it is interesting to note, exhibits a marked resemblance to the moisture stress-soil moisture curves recently developed by WADLEIGH (15 Another advantage of this method is that it gives an indication of the time at which soil freezes, a factor that is sometimes of interest in hydrologic investigations (7,16 especially at the corners, is observed after exposure to repeated freezing and thawing, but this superficial disintegration has little effect on the resistance characteristics of the block, unless the volume between the electrodes has been substantially reduced.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Electric Resistance Units for Making a Continuous Measurement of Soil Moisture Under Field Conditions

Bouyoucos

Mick

1948

Plant Physiol.

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The Effect of Moisture Stress on Nursery‐Grown Guayule with Respect to the Amount and Type of Growth and Growth Response on Transplanting¹

Cited by 18 publications

References 4 publications

CONCERNING THE FUNCTION OF RUBBER HYDROCARBON (CAOUTCHOUC) IN THE GUAYULE PLANT, PARTHENIUM ARGENTATUM A. GRAY

CONCERNING THE FUNCTION OF RUBBER HYDROCARBON (CAOUTCHOUC) IN THE GUAYULE PLANT, PARTHENIUM ARGENTATUM A. GRAY

Water‐Stress‐Induced Changes in Resin and Rubber Concentration and Distribution in Greenhouse‐Grown Guayule

A Comparison of Electric Resistance Units for Making a Continuous Measurement of Soil Moisture Under Field Conditions

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The Effect of Moisture Stress on Nursery‐Grown Guayule with Respect to the Amount and Type of Growth and Growth Response on Transplanting1

Cited by 18 publications

References 4 publications

CONCERNING THE FUNCTION OF RUBBER HYDROCARBON (CAOUTCHOUC) IN THE GUAYULE PLANT, PARTHENIUM ARGENTATUM A. GRAY

CONCERNING THE FUNCTION OF RUBBER HYDROCARBON (CAOUTCHOUC) IN THE GUAYULE PLANT, PARTHENIUM ARGENTATUM A. GRAY

Water‐Stress‐Induced Changes in Resin and Rubber Concentration and Distribution in Greenhouse‐Grown Guayule

A Comparison of Electric Resistance Units for Making a Continuous Measurement of Soil Moisture Under Field Conditions

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The Effect of Moisture Stress on Nursery‐Grown Guayule with Respect to the Amount and Type of Growth and Growth Response on Transplanting¹