The effect of mobile phone on the number of Purkinje cells: A stereological study

Rağbetli, Murat Çetin; Aydınlıoğlu, Atıf; Koyun, Necat; Ragbetli, Cennet; Bektas, Seyman; Özdemir, Serdar

doi:10.3109/09553001003734527

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…While there were many studies of brain impact of non-thermal EMFs performed in the 1950s/60s that make the information content of Tolgskaya and Gordon, 1973 quite high, there is also a substantial recent literature on brain effects of non-thermal microwave EMF exposures (see, for example: Ammari et al, 2008a;Ammari et al, 2008b;Bas et al, 2009;Brillaud et al, 2007;Carballo-Quintás, et al, 2011;Eberhardt et al, 2008;Dasdag et al, 2009Dasdag et al, & 2012Grafström et al, 2008;Kumlin et al, 2007;López-Martín, 2006;Mausset-Bonnefont et al, 2004;Odacia et al, 2008;Rağbetli, et al, 2010;Salford et al, 2003;Sonmez et al, 2010).…”

Section: Observations Including Page Numbersmentioning

confidence: 97%

Microwave frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) produce widespread neuropsychiatric effects including depression

Pall

2016

Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Non-thermal microwave/lower frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) act via voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) activation. Calcium channel blockers block EMF effects and several types of additional evidence confirm this mechanism. Low intensity microwave EMFs have been proposed to produce neuropsychiatric effects, sometimes called microwave syndrome, and the focus of this review is whether these are indeed well documented and consistent with the known mechanism(s) of action of such EMFs. VGCCs occur in very high densities throughout the nervous system and have near universal roles in release of neurotransmitters and neuroendocrine hormones. Soviet and Western literature shows that much of the impact of non-thermal microwave exposures in experimental animals occurs in the brain and peripheral nervous system, such that nervous system histology and function show diverse and substantial changes. These may be generated through roles of VGCC activation, producing excessive neurotransmitter/neuroendocrine release as well as oxidative/nitrosative stress and other responses. Excessive VGCC activity has been shown from genetic polymorphism studies to have roles in producing neuropsychiatric changes in humans. Two U.S. government reports from the 1970s to 1980s provide evidence for many neuropsychiatric effects of non-thermal microwave EMFs, based on occupational exposure studies. 18 more recent epidemiological studies, provide substantial evidence that microwave EMFs from cell/mobile phone base stations, excessive cell/mobile phone usage and from wireless smart meters can each produce similar patterns of neuropsychiatric effects, with several of these studies showing clear dose-response relationships. Lesser evidence from 6 additional studies suggests that short wave, radio station, occupational and digital TV antenna exposures may produce similar neuropsychiatric effects. Among the more commonly reported changes are sleep disturbance/insomnia, headache, depression/depressive symptoms, fatigue/tiredness, dysesthesia, concentration/attention dysfunction, memory changes, dizziness, irritability, loss of appetite/body weight, restlessness/anxiety, nausea, skin burning/tingling/dermographism and EEG changes. In summary, then, the mechanism of action of microwave EMFs, the role of the VGCCs in the brain, the impact of non-thermal EMFs on the brain, extensive epidemiological studies performed over the past 50 years, and five criteria testing for causality, all collectively show that various non-thermal microwave EMF exposures produce diverse neuropsychiatric effects.

show abstract

Section: Observations Including Page Numbersmentioning

confidence: 97%

Microwave frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) produce widespread neuropsychiatric effects including depression

Pall

2016

Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, studies on prenatal exposure and a multigenerational study conducted with “non‐thermal” SAR levels found no harmful effects of EMF exposure on fertility and development in animals [Lee et al, 2009; Ogawa et al, 2009; Sommer et al, 2009]. Nevertheless, other studies described alterations in the cerebellum [Ragbetli et al, 2010], hippocampus [Odaci et al, 2008], and behavior [Kumlin et al, 2007]. The potential harm of EMF exposure on immune cells at levels not sufficient to induce thermal effects has been investigated mainly in adult animals or in cells isolated from adult subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal exposure to radiofrequencies: Effects of WiFi signals on thymocyte development and peripheral T cell compartment in an animal model

Laudisi

Sambucci

Nasta

et al. 2012

Bioelectromagnetics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Wireless local area networks are an increasing alternative to wired data networks in workplaces, homes, and public areas. Concerns about possible health effects of this type of signal, especially when exposure occurs early in life, have been raised. We examined the effects of prenatal (in utero) exposure to wireless fidelity (WiFi) signal-associated electromagnetic fields (2450 MHz center-frequency band) on T cell development and function. Pregnant mice were exposed whole body to a specific absorption rate of 4 W/kg, 2 h per day, starting 5 days after mating and ending 1 day before the expected delivery. Sham-exposed and cage control groups were used as controls. No effects on cell count, phenotype, and proliferation of thymocytes were observed. Also, spleen cell count, CD4/CD8 cell frequencies, T cell proliferation, and cytokine production were not affected by the exposure. These findings were consistently observed in the male and female offspring at early (5 weeks of age) and late (26 weeks of age) time points. Nevertheless, the expected differences associated with aging and/or gender were confirmed. In conclusion, our results do not support the hypothesis that the exposure to WiFi signals during prenatal life results in detrimental effects on the immune T cell compartment.

show abstract

“…Elektromanyetik alanın miktarına ve maruziyet süresine bağlı olarak özellikle beyin, omurilik, kalp kası gibi dokularda başta apopitoz olmak üzere oksidatif stres, enzimlerin yapı ve fonksiyonlarının bozulması, hücre organellerinde yapı ve fonksiyon kayıpları ve kanser vakalarında artış gibi ciddi sorunlara neden olduğu gösterilmiştir. [2][3][4][5][6][7] Kaspaz-3, nöronlar da dahil olmak üzere birçok hücre tipinde apopitoz mekanizması içerisinde yer alan anahtar bir proteindir. [8,9] Ayrıca Kaspaz-3 nörodejenerasyona yol açan süreçlerle ilişkilendirilmiştir.…”

unclassified

The effect of 900MHz Electromagnetic Field on the Cerebellum: A Histopathological Investigation

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Günümüzde oldukça sık kullanılan teknolojik cihazlar belli frekanslarda elektromanyetik alanlara neden olmaktadır. Son dönemlerde çalışmalarda elektromanyetik alanın merkezi sinir sistemi hasarlarına neden olduğu bildirilmiştir. Serebellum insanlarda hareket kontrolü, dilin ve bilişsel-duygusal fonksiyonlarında görev alması nedeniyle yaşantımızda oldukça önem taşımaktadır. Serebellar korteks histolojik tabakalarında meydana gelebilecek hasarlar felç, tümör, otizm ve şizofreni gibi bazı nörolojik ve psikiyatrik hastalıklara neden olmaktadır. Çalışmamız küresel iletişim sistemleri standart frekansı 900MHz elektromanyetik olan alanın serebellum üzerine olan etkilerini histopatolojik açıdan değerlendirilecektir. Yöntem: Çalışmamızda her birinde altı adet Sprague Dawley cinsi sıçan içeren sağlıklı kontrol ve elektromanyetik alan olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. Elektromanyetik alan grubuna ait sıçanlar kafeslerin ortasına konumlanan dijital modülasyon sinyal üreteci cihaz (Anritsu MG3670 B tipi, Japonya) ile 20 gün süreyle 24 saat boyunca 900 MHz radyo frekansı elektromanyetik alana maruz bırakıldı. Elektromanyetik alan uygulamasından on gün sonra denekler 50 mg/kg ketamin hidroklorid (Ketalar®, Eczacıbaşı Parke Davis, İstanbul, Türkiye) ve 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal (ip) ksilazin HC1 (Alfazyne®, Alfasan International BV Woerden®, Hollanda) ile indüklenen anestezi altında servikal dislokasyon ile sakrifiye edildi. Bulgular: 900 MHz frekansa sahip elektromanyetik alana maruz kalan Purkinje hücrelerinde ve granüler tabakadaki granüler hücrelerinde yoğun Kaspaz-3 ekspresyonu saptadık. 900 MHz frekansa sahip elektromanyetik alan özelikle Purkinje ve granüler hücrelerinde piknotik çekirdek yapılarına sahip olduklarını gözlemledik. Bunun yanında Purkinje ve granüler hücrelerinin sitoplazmalarında azalma olduğunu gözledik. Purkinje hücreleri ve granüler tabakadaki granüler hücreler olmak üzere oldukça yoğun Kaspaz-3 ekspresyonu gözlemledik (P<0.05). EMA grubuna ait örneklerde yapılan ölçümler sonucunda moleküler tabaka kalınlığı, Purkinje hücre tabakası kalınlığı ve granüler tabaka kalınlığında kontrol grubuna kıyasla azalma olduğu gözlendi. Ancak istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark yoktu (P>0.05). Sonuç: Çalışmamızda 900 MHz elektromanyetik alanın başta Purkinje ve granüler hücrelerinde Kaspaz-3 ekpresyonu ile eşlik eden apoptozise neden olarak serebellum üzerinde olumsuz etkisi olduğu gösterilmiştir.

show abstract

The effect of mobile phone on the number of Purkinje cells: A stereological study

Abstract: Further studies in this area are needed due to the popular use of mobile telephones and relatively high exposure on developing brain.

Cited by 24 publications

References 43 publications

Microwave frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) produce widespread neuropsychiatric effects including depression

Microwave frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) produce widespread neuropsychiatric effects including depression

Prenatal exposure to radiofrequencies: Effects of WiFi signals on thymocyte development and peripheral T cell compartment in an animal model

The effect of 900MHz Electromagnetic Field on the Cerebellum: A Histopathological Investigation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About