The effect of mineral supply on the amino acid composition of plants

Thompson, John F.; Morris, Clayton J.; Gering, Rose K.

doi:10.1007/bf01099848

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…4A). Increase in the level of free amino acids, associated with Pi-deficiency, has been reported for some whole plants [25,26]. The level of soluble phenolic compounds increased when the cells were transferred to fresh medium (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Changes in Levels of Cellular Constituents in Suspension Culture of Catharanthus roseus Associated with Inorganic Phosphate Depletion

Ukaji

Ashihara

1986

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C

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Changes in growth and the level of various cellular constituents were monitored for 96 h after transfer of stationary phase cells of Catharanthus roseus to fresh complete (“+Pi”) or phosphate deficient (“-Pi”) Murashige-Skoog medium. In the cultures transferred to “+Pi” medium, cell number and fresh weight increased rapidly after an initial lag period, while little or no increase in cell number or fresh weight was observed in cultures transferred to “-Pi” medium. The levels of ATP, glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), fructose-6-phosphate (F6P), RNA and protein, increased in the cultures in “ + Pi” medium, while the levels of free amino acids decreased. In contrast, we found a decrease in the levels of ATP, G6P and F6P and an increase in the levels of free amino acids in the cultures in “-Pi” medium. Appreciable DNA synthesis was observed only in cells growing in “+Pi” medium, at 72 h after cell transfer. The rate of RNA synthesis in the “+Pi” culture was generally higher than that in the “-Pi” culture. The levels of ethanol soluble-phenolic compounds increased transiently in the cells grown in both media just after cell transfer, but the level in the “+Pi” culture decreased progressively with cell division. The metabolic role of inorganic phosphate in metabolism of Catharanthus roseus cells is discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Changes in Levels of Cellular Constituents in Suspension Culture of Catharanthus roseus Associated with Inorganic Phosphate Depletion

Ukaji

Ashihara

1986

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C

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“…[20][21][22][23][24][25][26] In some material, however, fertilisation may cause a change in the ratio between different protein fractions resulting in a changed composition of protein amino acids.27…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucosinolate content and amino acid composition of rapeseed (Brassica napus) meal as affected by sulphur and nitrogen nutrition

Josefsson

1970

J Sci Food Agric

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Rapeseed plants have been grown in soil-free culture with varying amounts of nitrogen fertiliser applied as nitrate, and with 50% of the nitrate-N exchanged for ammonium. The experiment was performed at two levels of sulphate fertiliser. Yield, protein content, glucosinolate content and amino acid composition were studied. The glucosinolate content was lower and the protein content was higher at a high level of nitrogen fertiliser. Exchange of 50% of the nitrate-N for ammonium caused no significant change in glucosinolate or protein content. The amount of glucosinolate was higher at the high sulphate level. There were no sulphur-nitrogen interactions. Content of total aspartic acid increased with nitrogen fertilisation, while total content of other amino acids did not change significantly with fertilisation.The effect of a wide variety of applications of sulphate fertiliser on glucosinolate and total amino acid content have been studied in a separate experiment. Although both protein content and methionine content were reduced at a low sulphate level, glucosinolate content was reduced considerably more.Experiments in the field revealed that although a reduction in glucosinolate content of rapeseed may be obtained from using fertilisers low in sulphur on sandy soils this does not seem possible on heavy soils. IntroductionSeed meals of rape (Brassica napus L.) and turnip rape (Brassica campestris L.) contain W 5 % protein in the dry matter with a well balanced amino acid composition.l According to Miller et aZ.1 the limiting amino acids from a nutritional point of view are isoleucine and methionine. Since methionine very often is limiting in proteins of vegetable origin, it is important to obtain as high a content of this amino acid as possible. A factor that is still more limiting for the use of these meals, however, is the content of glucosinolates. These substances can be hydrolysed by the enzymic system myrosinase, yielding sulphate, glucose and isothiocyanates, the last-mentioned compound and its secondary products being toxic to animals, causing for example goitre in non-ruminants.2 Other hydrolysis products, for example nitriles, have also been found.3 Studies of glucosinolate content in seed of rape and turnip rape as affected by variety and environment were made by Josefsson & Appelqvist.4 By fertiliser experiments in plastic boxes (containers), they showed that low applications of sulphate fertiliser resulted in a low content of glucosinolates in the seed, although the protein production approached normal quantities. Fields with light soils where the sulphur fertilisation had been kept on a low level gave samples with a glucosinolate content that was significantly lower than in samples from other fields.4In the studies of Josefsson & Appelqvist, no significant variation in glucosinolate content was found between different levels of nitrogen fertiliser. Trzebny5 found, however, in a study of field-grown material that a high level of nitrogen fertiliser caused a significantly lowered glucosinolate content. ...

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“…This altered composition is caused by a large accumulation of particular amino acids such as arginine, asparagine, and glycine, and is seen in leaves (4,21,22), roots (22), and seeds (12) of plants in various families. Striking changes are also seen in the proteins of S-deficient plants, especially in the storage proteins of the seed, but also to a lesser extent in leaves (16).…”

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confidence: 99%

Changes in the Levels of Major Sulfur Metabolites and Free Amino Acids in Pea Cotyledons Recovering from Sulfur Deficiency

Macnicol

Randall

1987

Plant Physiol.

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Changes in levels of sulfur metabolites and free amino acids were followed in cotyledons of sulfur-deficient, developing pea seeds (Pisum sativum L.) for 24 hours after resupply of sulfate, during which time the legumin mRNA levels returned almost to normal. Two recovery situations were studied: cultured seeds, with sulfate added to the medium, and seeds attached to the intact plant, with sulfate added to the roots. In both situations the levels of cysteine, glutathione, and methionine rose rapidly, glutathione exhibiting an initial lag. In attached but not cultured seeds methionine markedly overshot the level normally found in sulfur-sufficient seeds. In the cultured seed S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), but not S-methylmethionine, showed a sustained rise; in the attached seed the changes were slight. The composition of the free amino acid pool did not change substantially in either recovery situation. In the cultured seed the large rise in AdoMet level occurred equally in nonrecovering seeds.It was accompanied by 6-fold and 10-fold increases in 'y-aminobutyrate and alanine, respectively. These effects are attributed to wounding resulting from excision of the seed. 3S-labeling experiments showed that there was no significant accumulation of label in unidentified sulfurcontaining amino compounds in either recovery situation. It was concluded from these results and those of other workers that, at the present level of knowledge, the most probable candidate for a 'signal' compound, eliciting recovery of legumin mRNA level in response to sulfur-feeding, is cysteine.Apart from its marked effects on plant appearance and yield (19), S deficiency induces a rather consistent syndrome of biochemical changes. Conspicuous among these is a greatly expanded free amino acid pool with a distorted composition relative to nondeficient plants, and depressed levels of S amino acids.This altered composition is caused by a large accumulation of particular amino acids such as arginine, asparagine, and glycine, and is seen in leaves (4, 21, 22), roots (22), and seeds (12) of plants in various families. Striking changes are also seen in the proteins of S-deficient plants, especially in the storage proteins of the seed, but also to a lesser extent in leaves (16). Thus in mature S-deficient seeds ofboth cereals and legumes a few major proteins of higher than average S amino acid content are absent or nearly so (8). Recent work with peas (Pisum sativum L.) has shown that the nonaccumulation of legumin and pea albumin 1 in developing S-deficient cotyledons is due to cessation of their synthesis caused in turn by very low levels of their mRNAs (3). However, the transcription of legumin messenger in a cell-free system is little affected by S deficiency (1); the mechanism of control of mRNA levels is in fact-not understood.During the recovery of seeds from S deficiency, initiated by the feeding of intact pea plants or isolated seeds with inorganic sulfate, the synthesis of these proteins and their mRNA levels are restored to normal withi...

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The effect of mineral supply on the amino acid composition of plants

Cited by 28 publications

References 9 publications

Changes in Levels of Cellular Constituents in Suspension Culture of Catharanthus roseus Associated with Inorganic Phosphate Depletion

Changes in Levels of Cellular Constituents in Suspension Culture of Catharanthus roseus Associated with Inorganic Phosphate Depletion

Glucosinolate content and amino acid composition of rapeseed (Brassica napus) meal as affected by sulphur and nitrogen nutrition

Changes in the Levels of Major Sulfur Metabolites and Free Amino Acids in Pea Cotyledons Recovering from Sulfur Deficiency

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