The effect of midlife physical activity on structural brain changes in the elderly

Rovio, Suvi; Spulber, Gabriela; Nieminen, Lasse J.; Niskanen, Eini; Winblad, Bengt; Tuomilehto, Jaakko; Nissinen, Aulikki; Soininen, Hilkka; Kivipelto, Miia

doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.10.007

Cited by 183 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This finding suggests that metabolic activity within the right DLFC-which is likely to be relatively spared by the disconnection process-can be increased through synaptic trafficking only in HE prodromal AD patients. This result is in keeping with previous studies demonstrating a positive impact of cognitive reserve-related life activity on gray matter densities in the middle frontal cortex (26). Similarly, functional MR imaging during a memory task showed that education positively correlated with frontal activity in healthy elderly individuals but not in young individuals (27).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Metabolic Networks Underlying Cognitive Reserve in Prodromal Alzheimer Disease: A European Alzheimer Disease Consortium Project

et al. 2013

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This project aimed to investigate the metabolic basis for resilience to neurodegeneration (cognitive reserve) in highly educated patients with prodromal Alzheimer disease (AD). Methods: Sixty-four patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment who later converted to AD dementia during follow-up, and 90 controls, underwent brain 18 F-FDG PET. Both groups were divided into a poorly educated subgroup (42 controls and 36 prodromal AD patients) and a highly educated subgroup (48 controls and 28 prodromal AD patients). Brain metabolism was first compared between education-matched groups of patients and controls. Then, metabolism was compared between highly and poorly educated prodromal AD patients in both directions to identify regions of high education-related metabolic depression and compensation. The clusters of significant depression and compensation were further used as volumetric regions of interest (ROIs) in a brain interregional correlation analysis in each prodromal AD subgroup to explore metabolic connectivity. All analyses were performed by means of SPM8 (P , 0.001 uncorrected at peak level, P , 0.05 false discovery rate-corrected at cluster level; age, sex, Mini-Mental State Examination score, and center as nuisance). Results: Highly educated prodromal AD patients showed more severe hypometabolism than poorly educated prodromal AD patients in the left inferior and middle temporal gyri and the left middle occipital gyrus (ROI depression). Conversely, they showed relative hypermetabolism in the right inferior, middle, and superior frontal gyri (ROI compensation). The sites of compensation, mainly corresponding to the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLFC), showed wide metabolic correlations with several cortical areas in both hemispheres (frontotemporal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, and precuneus) in highly educated prodromal AD patients but not in poorly educated prodromal AD patients. To provide evidence on whether these metabolic correlations represent preservation of the physiologic networks of highly educated control subjects (neural reserve) or rather the recruitment of alternative networks (neural compensation), or a combination of the two, we performed metabolic connectivity analysis of the DLFC in highly educated controls as well. The correlation sites of right DLFC partly overlapped those of highly educated prodromal AD patients but were less extended. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that highly educated prodromal AD patients can cope better with the disease thanks to neural reserve but also to the recruitment of compensatory neural networks in which the right DLFC plays a key role.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Metabolic Networks Underlying Cognitive Reserve in Prodromal Alzheimer Disease: A European Alzheimer Disease Consortium Project

et al. 2013

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“…We found a linear association between physical activity levels and total cerebral and hippocampal brain volume, supporting reported relations of physical activity with brain volume in other cohorts (22). Our findings suggest it is the highest physical activity Notes: APO = apolipoprotein; CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; Q = quartile.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Physical Activity, Brain Volume, and Dementia Risk: The Framingham Study

Tan

Spartano

Beiser

et al. 2016

GERONA

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“…This results in reduced impact on clinical manifestations. On the other hand, in healthy populations, Rovio et al (2010) have demonstrated a positive impact of midlife physical activity on total brain, total gray matter, and regional gray matter densities in the middle frontal gyrus late in life. Also, Valenzuela et al (2008) and Christensen et al (2009) have published two of the few longitudinal studies investigating the impact of reserve measures amongst healthy elders.…”

Section: Previous Findings Concerning the Brain And Cognitive Reservementioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and Functional Imaging Correlates of Cognitive and Brain Reserve Hypotheses in Healthy and Pathological Aging

2011

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In the field of ageing and dementia, brain- or cognitive reserve refers to the capacity of the brain to manage pathology or age-related changes thereby minimizing clinical manifestations. The brain reserve capacity (BRC) hypothesis argues that this capacity derives from an individual's unique neural profile (e.g., cell count, synaptic connections, brain volume, etc.). Complimentarily, the cognitive reserve (CR) hypothesis emphasizes inter-individual differences in the effective recruitment of neural networks and cognitive processes to compensate for age-related effects or pathology. Despite an abundance of research, there is scarce literature attempting to synthesize the BRC the CR models. In this paper, we will review important aging and dementia studies using structural and functional neuroimaging techniques to investigate and attempt to assimilate both reserve hypotheses. The possibility to conceptualize reserve as reflecting indexes of brain plasticity will be proposed and novel data suggesting an intimate and complex correspondence between active and passive components of reserve will be presented.

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The effect of midlife physical activity on structural brain changes in the elderly

Cited by 183 publications

References 38 publications

Metabolic Networks Underlying Cognitive Reserve in Prodromal Alzheimer Disease: A European Alzheimer Disease Consortium Project

Metabolic Networks Underlying Cognitive Reserve in Prodromal Alzheimer Disease: A European Alzheimer Disease Consortium Project

Physical Activity, Brain Volume, and Dementia Risk: The Framingham Study

Structural and Functional Imaging Correlates of Cognitive and Brain Reserve Hypotheses in Healthy and Pathological Aging

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