“…For B ≥ 2.34 kG, the flux from the external magnetic field penetrates the grain bulk, and it is trapped there leaving the intergranular field almost unchanged [43]. Complementary trend was observed for BiPb-2223 phase added by Mn [28] and MgCO 3 [44]. Moreover, U(B) is increased by increasing the addition of BaSnO 3 nanoparticles up to 0.50 wt%, confirming the behavior of c T and calculated relative volume fraction versus BaSnO 3 nanoparticle addition.…”
Co-precipitation method and conventional solid-state reaction technique were used to synthesize BaSnO 3 nanoparticles and (BaSnO 3 ) x /Bi 1.6 Pb 0.4 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10+δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.50 wt%) samples, respectively. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrical resistivity data were used to characterize BiPb-2223 phase added by BaSnO 3 nanoparticles. The relative volume fraction and superconducting transition temperature T c of BiPb-2223 phase were enhanced by increasing BaSnO 3 addition up to 0.50 wt%. These parameters were decreased with further increase of x. The resistive transition broadening under different applied DC magnetic fields (0.29-4.40 kG) was analyzed through thermally activated flux creep (TAFC) model and Ambegaokar-Halperin (AH) theory. Improvements of the derived flux pinning energy U, critical current density J c (0) estimated from AH parameter C(B), and upper critical magnetic field c2 (0) B , were recorded by adding BaSnO 3 nanoparticles up to 0.50 wt%, beyond which these parameters were suppressed. The magnetic field dependence of the flux pinning energy and critical current density decreased as a power-law relation, which indicated the single junction sensitivity between the superconducting grains to the applied magnetic field. Furthermore, the increase in the applied magnetic field did not affect the electronic thermal conductivity e above the superconducting transition temperature and suppressed it below T c .
“…For B ≥ 2.34 kG, the flux from the external magnetic field penetrates the grain bulk, and it is trapped there leaving the intergranular field almost unchanged [43]. Complementary trend was observed for BiPb-2223 phase added by Mn [28] and MgCO 3 [44]. Moreover, U(B) is increased by increasing the addition of BaSnO 3 nanoparticles up to 0.50 wt%, confirming the behavior of c T and calculated relative volume fraction versus BaSnO 3 nanoparticle addition.…”
Co-precipitation method and conventional solid-state reaction technique were used to synthesize BaSnO 3 nanoparticles and (BaSnO 3 ) x /Bi 1.6 Pb 0.4 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10+δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.50 wt%) samples, respectively. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrical resistivity data were used to characterize BiPb-2223 phase added by BaSnO 3 nanoparticles. The relative volume fraction and superconducting transition temperature T c of BiPb-2223 phase were enhanced by increasing BaSnO 3 addition up to 0.50 wt%. These parameters were decreased with further increase of x. The resistive transition broadening under different applied DC magnetic fields (0.29-4.40 kG) was analyzed through thermally activated flux creep (TAFC) model and Ambegaokar-Halperin (AH) theory. Improvements of the derived flux pinning energy U, critical current density J c (0) estimated from AH parameter C(B), and upper critical magnetic field c2 (0) B , were recorded by adding BaSnO 3 nanoparticles up to 0.50 wt%, beyond which these parameters were suppressed. The magnetic field dependence of the flux pinning energy and critical current density decreased as a power-law relation, which indicated the single junction sensitivity between the superconducting grains to the applied magnetic field. Furthermore, the increase in the applied magnetic field did not affect the electronic thermal conductivity e above the superconducting transition temperature and suppressed it below T c .
“…4 ? x where n = 1,2 and 3 refer to the number of CuO 2 layers and their superconducting transition temperatures (T c ) are about 20, 85 and 110 K, respectively [2][3][4][5]. Among them Bi-2223 system is the most attractive because it has the highest transition temperature.…”
In this study we have investigated the influence of iron diffusion and diffusion-annealing time on the mechanical and the superconducting properties of bulk Bi 1.8 Pb 0.35 Sr 1.9 Ca 2.1 Cu 3 O y superconductors by performing X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Vickers hardness, dc resistivity (q-T) and critical current density (J c ) measurements. The samples are prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method. Doping of Bi-2223 was carried out by means of iron diffusion during sintering from an evaporated iron film on pellets. Then, the Fe layered superconducting samples were annealed at 830°C for 10, 30 and 60 h. The mechanical properties of the compounds have been investigated by measuring the Vickers hardness (H v ). The mechanical properties of the samples were found to be load dependent. The load independent Vickers hardness (H 0 ), Young's modulus (E), yield strength (Y), and fracture toughness (K IC ) values of the samples are calculated. These all measurements showed that the values of the Vickers hardness, critical current density, and critical transition temperature and lattice parameter c increased with increasing Fe doping and diffusion-annealing time.
“…Following the discovery of the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor system [1,2], worldwide research efforts to improve its superconducting properties have been actively undertaken [3][4][5][6]. To enhance its current-carrying capacity, various methods have been employed, including introducing artificial flux pinning.…”
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