“…Additionally, metformin users also show a tendency toward sustained weight loss which is a potential benefit in obesity (Knowler et al, 2009). Many studies suggest that metformin use significantly decreased the incidence and improved survival outcomes of a wide range of cancers, such as breast, lung, liver, pancreatic, colorectal, prostate, cervical, and ovarian cancer, including those with EC (Zhan et al, 2014;Hanprasertpong et al, 2017;Xu et al, 2015). Although the exact mechanism is still not fully understanding, it is hypothesized that metformin's anti-cancer effects are mediated by indirect and direct effects on tumor growth (Viollet et al, 2012;Pollak et al, 2012).…”