The effect of mesenchymal stem cells on chemotaxis of osteoclast precursor cells

Abstract

Regeneration of tissue, including bone, using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been progressing rapidly. Regeneration of bone requires the presence of an appropriate environment and efficient chemotaxis of cells to the target site. Differentiation of MSCs into mesenchymal cells has received considerable attention, but the effect of MSCs on chemotaxis is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of MSCs on chemotaxis of RAW264 cells via C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). Balb/c mouse bone marrow-derived MSCs and RAW264 cells, which are osteoclast precursor cells, were co-cultured without cell contact. The gene expression of CCL2 in MSCs and CC-chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) in RAW264 cells was determined using quantitative real-time PCR. Analysis of RAW264 cell chemotaxis was performed using the Boyden chamber assay. mRNAs for CCL2 and CCR2 were significantly upregulated upon co-culture in comparison to culture of either cell type alone, and the number of chemotactic RAW264 cells was significantly increased by co-culture. MSCs enhanced the chemotaxis of RAW264 cells, possibly via CCL2-CCR2 interaction, suggesting the potential utility of MSCs for tissue regeneration.

Stem cell‐derived conditioned media from human exfoliated deciduous teeth promote bone regeneration

“…After this, a fluorescent marker of mouse macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) differentiation was injected into the mice tail vein; thereafter, the RAW264.7 cell fluorescent label was visible at the MSC transplantation site of the calvarial bone (Abe et al, ). RAW264.7 cell chemotaxis significantly increases when they are co‐cultured with MSCs in vitro (Sumi et al, ). These findings suggest that MSCs have a paracrine effect.…”

“…We developed an alveolar bone regeneration method in patients with CL/P using human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). The transplantation of hBMSC regenerated bone in a canine alveolar cleft model and orthodontic tooth movement was achieved in the regenerated bone (Sumi et al, ; Tanimoto et al, ; Yoshioka et al, ). However, puncture of the iliac bone is still necessary for bone marrow aspiration.…”

Investigation on the Action and Effect of Culture Supernatant of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Using Rats with Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw

“…OC precursors are reportedly derived from monocytes. The MCP-1 is a monocytic, chemotactic protein that promotes monocyte and lymphocyte chemotaxis and increases IL-1 and IL-6 production 4,31) . The protein may induce OC formation by accelerating the accumulation and induction of OC precursors.…”

“…Thus, developing an effective cure for MRONJ remains a challenge. Past reports have indicated that treatment using mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (MSC-CM), a culture supernatant of bone marrow-derived stem cells, is effective 4,5) . However, collecting the bone marrow fluid from patients is an invasive process requiring clinical caution.…”

Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) Drives Activation of Bone Remodelling and Skeletal Metastasis

“…In addition to mature osteoblasts, this MCP-1mediated interaction may start earlier in the osteoclast lineage. Using the RAW264 cell line as a model for osteoclast progenitors, Sumi et al (2018) showed that mesenchymal stem cells produce MCP-1 as a chemotactic signal for osteoclast progenitors via MCP-1's receptor, CCR2 [34]. Subsequently, MCP-1 has been recognised as a regulator of osteoclast biology as a pro-survival and pro-differentiation agent.…”