The effect of membrane on an alkaline water electrolyzer

Liu, Zengcai; Sajjad, Syed D.; Gao, Yan; Yang, Hongzhou; Kaczur, Jerry J.; Masel, Richard I.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.10.050

Cited by 152 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Table 1 shows that the measured normalized resistance for Sustanion® 37–50 at the same alkaline conditions is more than an order lower than the other commercially available membranes. The anion exchange membrane has shown excellent performance ability in multiple cell runs of 1,000–3,000 h and more of run time in electrochemical cell testing in a wide pH range as exemplified in published experimental carbon dioxide and alkaline water electrolyzer data (Masel et al, 2016b ; Kutz et al, 2017 ; Liu et al, 2017a , b ; Sajjad et al, 2017 ). Some of the latest results are highlighted in later sections of this paper.…”

Section: New Alkaline Stable Anion Membranesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The anion exchange Sustanion® membranes are based on a cheap and abundant, but more importantly, alkaline stable polystyrene backbone. The polymer synthesis and subsequent fabrication of the membrane have been described in detail in several past publications (Masel et al, 2016b , 2017d ; Kutz et al, 2017 ; Liu et al, 2017a ; Sajjad et al, 2017 ). The synthesis involves a two-step process (Figure 1 ) of copolymerization followed by subsequent functionalization.…”

Section: New Alkaline Stable Anion Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DM has developed alkaline water electrolyzer technology based on the development of a stable anion exchange membrane. The development work is summarized in various published papers and patents (Pletcher and Li, 2011 ; Deavin et al, 2012 ; Appel, 2013 ; Rosen et al, 2013 ; Masel et al, 2016b ; Kutz et al, 2017 ; Liu et al, 2017a , b ).…”

Section: Alkaline Water Electrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon Dioxide and Water Electrolysis Using New Alkaline Stable Anion Membranes

et al. 2018

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The recent development and market introduction of a new type of alkaline stable imidazole-based anion exchange membrane and related ionomers by Dioxide Materials is enabling the advancement of new and improved electrochemical processes which can operate at commercially viable operating voltages, current efficiencies, and current densities. These processes include the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to formic acid (HCOOH), CO2 to carbon monoxide (CO), and alkaline water electrolysis, generating hydrogen at high current densities at low voltages without the need for any precious metal electrocatalysts. The first process is the direct electrochemical generation of pure formic acid in a three-compartment cell configuration using the alkaline stable anion exchange membrane and a cation exchange membrane. The cell operates at a current density of 140 mA/cm2 at a cell voltage of 3.5 V. The power consumption for production of formic acid (FA) is about 4.3–4.7 kWh/kg of FA. The second process is the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to CO, a key focus product in the generation of renewable fuels and chemicals. The CO2 cell consists of a two-compartment design utilizing the alkaline stable anion exchange membrane to separate the anode and cathode compartments. A nanoparticle IrO2 catalyst on a GDE structure is used as the anode and a GDE utilizing a nanoparticle Ag/imidazolium-based ionomer catalyst combination is used as a cathode. The CO2 cell has been operated at current densities of 200 to 600 mA/cm2 at voltages of 3.0 to 3.2 respectively with CO2 to CO conversion selectivities of 95–99%. The third process is an alkaline water electrolysis cell process, where the alkaline stable anion exchange membrane allows stable cell operation in 1 M KOH electrolyte solutions at current densities of 1 A/cm2 at about 1.90 V. The cell has demonstrated operation for thousands of hours, showing a voltage increase in time of only 5 μV/h. The alkaline electrolysis technology does not require any precious metal catalysts as compared to polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) design water electrolyzers. In this paper, we discuss the detailed technical aspects of these three technologies utilizing this unique anion exchange membrane.

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Section: New Alkaline Stable Anion Membranesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: New Alkaline Stable Anion Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alkaline Water Electrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon Dioxide and Water Electrolysis Using New Alkaline Stable Anion Membranes

et al. 2018

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“…Notably, the ionomeric phase in gas diffusion type electrodes is challenging, and better cell polarization performance is generally observed with increasing hydroxide concentration [13,14]. Impressive cell polarization was even achieved without anionexchange ionomer in 1 M KOH, with Nafion as electrocatalyst binder [15,16]. The major drawback of these systems is the low alkaline stability of anion conducting polymers, which mainly employ quaternary ammonium groups [17,18], which consequently limit the feasibility of applying a supporting hydroxide electrolyte.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blend membranes of polybenzimidazole and an anion exchange ionomer (FAA3) for alkaline water electrolysis: Improved alkaline stability and conductivity

Konovalova

Kim

et al. 2018

Journal of Membrane Science

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“…As such, the development of active non-noble metal catalysts is crucial to further develop and establish AEMWE technology. The number of studies addressing performance improvements through the development of new AEM materials, catalysts and membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) have increased in recent years [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. However, the water splitting performance reported for AEMWE is still lower than that of PEMWE [14,15], particularly when employing non-noble metal catalysts and lower concentrations of alkaline solutions, or water [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Performance of Nickel and Nickel-Iron Catalysts Evaluated As Anodes in Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis

et al. 2019

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Anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) is an efficient, cost-effective solution to renewable energy storage. The process includes oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions (OER and HER); the OER is kinetically unfavourable. Studies have shown that nickel (Ni)- iron (Fe) catalysts enhance activity towards OER, and cerium oxide (CeO2) supports have shown positive effects on catalytic performance. This study covers the preliminary evaluation of Ni, Ni90Fe10 (at%) and Ni90Fe10/CeO2 (50 wt%) nanoparticles (NPs), synthesized by chemical reduction, as OER catalysts in AEMWE using commercial membranes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the Ni-based NPs indicate NPs roughly 4–6 nm in size. Three-electrode cell measurements indicate that Ni90Fe10 is the most active non-noble metal catalyst in 1 and 0.1 M KOH. AEMWE measurements of the anodes show cells achieving overall cell voltages between 1.85 and 1.90 V at 2 A cm−2 in 1 M KOH at 50 °C, which is comparable to the selected iridium-black reference catalyst. In 0.1 M KOH, the AEMWE cell containing Ni90Fe10 attained the lowest voltage of 1.99 V at 2 A cm−2. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of the AEMWE cells using Ni90Fe10/CeO2 showed a higher ohmic resistance than all catalysts, indicating the need for support optimization.

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The effect of membrane on an alkaline water electrolyzer

Cited by 152 publications

References 17 publications

Carbon Dioxide and Water Electrolysis Using New Alkaline Stable Anion Membranes

Carbon Dioxide and Water Electrolysis Using New Alkaline Stable Anion Membranes

Blend membranes of polybenzimidazole and an anion exchange ionomer (FAA3) for alkaline water electrolysis: Improved alkaline stability and conductivity

The Performance of Nickel and Nickel-Iron Catalysts Evaluated As Anodes in Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis

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