The Effect of Mediterranean Diet on Cognitive Functions in the Elderly Population

Klímová, Blanka; Novotný, Miroslav; Schlegel, Petr; Vališ, Martin

doi:10.3390/nu13062067

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The most important positive effects include reduced all-cause mortality [6,8,9], primary prevention of cardiovascular disease [10], lower cancer incidence and mortality [6,11], reduced risk for development of type II diabetes [12][13][14], obesity and metabolic syndrome [13]. Benefits of MD also include safeguarding of mental health, such as better cognitive performance with higher adherence to the MD [15], reduced risk of depression and cognitive impairment [16], lesser mental distress [17], and overall better health-related quality of life [18,19]. Moreover, MD was even shown to be an efficient treatment strategy for major depressive episodes [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Socioeconomic Status in Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Body Mass Index Change: A Follow-Up Study in the General Population of Southern Croatia

et al. 2021

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The Mediterranean diet (MD) is one of the most healthful dietary patterns, beneficial for humans and the environment. However, the MD has recently exhibited a declining trend, especially in younger and less affluent people. This study investigated the association between socioeconomic indicators and adherence to the MD in 4671 adult subjects from Dalmatia, Croatia (age range 18–98 years; 61.9% were women). Additionally, in the follow-up we examined the change in adherence to the MD and in BMI (subsample, N = 1342; 62.5% were women; mean follow-up time of 5.8 years). The adherence to the MD was based on the Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (range 0–24 points, cut-off value ≥ 14 points), with a prevalence in the overall sample of 28.5%. Higher odds of adherence to the MD were recorded in women, older subjects, and those with higher level of objective material status, while it was less likely in the period after economic crisis of 2007–2008. Additionally, we detected no change in adherence to the MD in the follow-up subsample (−8.5%, p = 0.056), but there was an increase in BMI (+6.5%, p < 0.001). We recorded an increase in adherence for nuts (+127.5%), sweets (+112.6%), red meat (+56.4%), and wine (+50.0%), unlike the reduction in adherence for vegetables (−35.1%), fish (−23.4%), white meat (−11.6%), cereals (−10.9%), and dairy products (−9.6%). Similar results were obtained across all quartiles of objective material status. Over time, the absolute change in the MD score was positively associated with female gender, age, higher education, and moderate physical activity, but it was negatively associated with adherence to the MD at baseline. BMI change was positively associated with female gender, and negatively with initial BMI, initial adherence to the MD, and MD change. Our findings point towards a less than ideal adherence to the MD in the general population of southern Croatia, and identify important characteristics associated with adherence change over time, informing necessary interventions aimed at increasing MD uptake.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Socioeconomic Status in Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Body Mass Index Change: A Follow-Up Study in the General Population of Southern Croatia

et al. 2021

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“…The age difference may more favorably reflect the relationship between the MedDiet and cognitive performance, as the MedDiet may have a greater impact on cognitive health later rather than earlier in life. In general, the use of different outcome measures, varied research samples, and measured target domains may affect the result of the association between the MedDiet and cognitive performance [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MedDiet adherence score for the association between inflammatory markers and cognitive performance in the elderly: a study of the NHANES 2011–2014

Shu-ting

Chen

2022

BMC Geriatr

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Background To explore the optimal Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) adherence score threshold for the association between inflammatory markers and cognitive performance among older adults. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we selected data of the elderly (≥ 60 years old) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014 (n = 2830). Participants completed at least one cognitive measurement and two 24-h food recalls. By analyzing the relation between inflammatory markers and cognitive performance using the subdivided MedDiet adherence score, we got the optimal MedDiet adherence score threshold. Then the optimal threshold was used to divide participants into high and low MedDiet adherence groups and multivariate logistic regression models were developed to examine the association between inflammatory markers and cognitive performance in each group. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on gender, race, BMI, physical activity level, and chronic diseases. Results We chose 4 as the optimal MedDiet adherence score threshold and included these participants whose MedDiet adherence score was 4 or above into the high MedDiet adherence group, while the MedDiet adherence score of the low adherence group was less than 4. We found that the increased white blood cell (WBC) count (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.09–1.90, P = 0.008), neutrophil count (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.03–1.65, P = 0.023), and neutrophil-albumin ratio (NAR) (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.06–1.70, P = 0.012) were all related to a higher risk of low cognitive performance in the low MedDiet adherence group. A higher PLR was linked to a reduced risk of low cognitive performance (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.74–1.00, P = 0.036) in the high MedDiet adherence group. Significant differences were found in the associations of WBC count, neutrophil count and NAR with low cognitive performance between the low and high MedDiet adherence groups (all P < 0.001). The weakened negative association between inflammatory markers and cognitive performance in the high MedDiet adherence group also existed among male, non-Hispanic white, normal-weight, overweight, moderate work activity, moderate recreational activity, non-depression, hypertension, non-hypertension, non-diabetes, non-stroke, non-heart failure, non-coronary heart disease, or non-heart attack subpopulations of older adults. Conclusions The optimal threshold for the MedDiet adherence score was 4, and the negative association between inflammation and cognitive performance could be weakened in older adults whose MedDiet adherence score was ≥ 4.

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“…The MD is globally one of the most studied dietary patterns due to its major health benefits [10]. Studies have shown that higher adherence to the MD is associated with a reduced risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, cognitive diseases and depression [11][12][13][14][15]. Recent findings showed evidence that the MD has a lipid-lowering effect, protects against oxidative stress, inflammation and platelet aggregation, regulates signals involved in the pathogenesis of cancer, inhibits nutrient sensing pathways by specific amino acid restriction and influences metabolic health through gut microbiota [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Tendency to Orthorexia Nervosa in Professional Athletes

et al. 2022

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Among many lifestyle components that professional athletes have to follow, nutrition is gradually growing to be one of the key factors for achieving and maintaining optimal sport performance. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is recognized as one of the healthiest dietary patterns worldwide; however, data regarding adherence to the MD among professional athletes are still scarce. Moreover, with the imposed need for a healthy diet among professional athletes, orthorexia nervosa (ON) could become a rising issue. This cross-sectional study included 150 professional athletes and 150 matched recreational athletes from Croatia. Four questionnaires were used for the assessment: general information, a test for the diagnosis of ON (ORTO-15), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (MDSS). Significantly more professional athletes were adherent to the MD (p < 0.001) and had a tendency to ON (p < 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation between the ORTO-15 score and the total MET min/week score (r = −0.524, p < 0.001) and a significant positive correlation between the MDSS score and the total MET min/week score in the professional athlete group (r = 0.478, p < 0.001). All of these results imply that professional athletes are more concentrated on their dietary patterns than recreational athletes, and that due to this dedication, they possibly have a higher adherence to the MD but also possibly a higher risk for developing ON. However, the association between ON and the MD should be further addressed in the future.

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The Effect of Mediterranean Diet on Cognitive Functions in the Elderly Population

Cited by 17 publications

References 55 publications

The Role of Socioeconomic Status in Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Body Mass Index Change: A Follow-Up Study in the General Population of Southern Croatia

The Role of Socioeconomic Status in Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Body Mass Index Change: A Follow-Up Study in the General Population of Southern Croatia

MedDiet adherence score for the association between inflammatory markers and cognitive performance in the elderly: a study of the NHANES 2011–2014

Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Tendency to Orthorexia Nervosa in Professional Athletes

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