The Effect of Medial Frontal Cortex Lesions on Respiration, “Freezing,” and Ultrasonic Vocalizations during Conditioned Emotional Responses in Rats

Frysztak, Robert J.; Neafsey, Edward J.

doi:10.1093/cercor/1.5.418

Cited by 179 publications

(110 citation statements)

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“…Such a pattern of connections in primates could account for the differences between the present findings and those reported in rodents after lesions of the homologous area, infralimbic cortex (29,34). In rodents, lesions of the infralimbic cortex have been reported to lead to heightened respiration (34), but also attenuated heart rate changes in response to stimuli that predict aversive foot shock (35).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

A role for primate subgenual cingulate cortex in sustaining autonomic arousal

Rudebeck

Putnam

Daniels

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

137

111

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The subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (subgenual ACC) plays an important role in regulating emotion, and degeneration in this area correlates with depressed mood and anhedonia. Despite this understanding, it remains unknown how this part of the prefrontal cortex causally contributes to emotion, especially positive emotions. Using Pavlovian conditioning procedures in macaque monkeys, we examined the contribution of the subgenual ACC to autonomic arousal associated with positive emotional events. After such conditioning, autonomic arousal increases in response to cues that predict rewards, and monkeys maintain this heightened state of arousal during an interval before reward delivery. Here we show that although monkeys with lesions of the subgenual ACC show the initial, cue-evoked arousal, they fail to sustain a high level of arousal until the anticipated reward is delivered. Control procedures showed that this impairment did not result from differences in autonomic responses to reward delivery alone, an inability to learn the association between cues and rewards, or to alterations in the light reflex. Our data indicate that the subgenual ACC may contribute to positive affect by sustaining arousal in anticipation of positive emotional events. A failure to maintain positive affect for expected pleasurable events could provide insight into the pathophysiology of psychological disorders in which negative emotions dominate a patient's affective experience.Area 25 | infralimbic | pupil size | anticipatory arousal T he ability to regulate emotion and arousal in response to pleasurable and aversive situations is essential for adapting to our environment and, ultimately, for our mental health. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), specifically its subgenual part, has been implicated in a number of psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (1). Dysfunction and degeneration in the subgenual ACC have been reported in patients suffering from depression (2, 3), and the degree of activation in this area correlates with anhedonia, the loss of positive emotions (4). Based on these findings, new approaches for treatmentresistant depression target the subgenual ACC with deep brain stimulation (5). Determining the causal role of subgenual ACC in the regulation of affect and arousal would advance our understanding of emotional regulation and could provide insight into the pathophysiology of depression.A long history of research implicates the ACC as a whole in the control of autonomic arousal, emotional responses, and behavior (6)(7)(8). Much of what is known about the function of the ACC, however, relates to the more dorsal parts of the ACC and its role in higher cognition and arousal (9-11). Less is known about the function of the ventral ACC, especially the subgenual ACC, in part because lesions of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex often include the subgenual ACC as well as adjacent portions of orbitofrontal cortex and the dorsal ACC (12-14). Where research has focused on the primate subgenual ACC, it has emphas...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 47%

A role for primate subgenual cingulate cortex in sustaining autonomic arousal

Rudebeck

Putnam

Daniels

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

137

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Hoit et al, 1989;Winkworth et al, 1995;Whalen and Kinsella-Shaw, 1997). Overall breathing movements during the production of 22 kHz and 50 kHz calls are very specific in rats (Sirotin et al, 2014), which might be a reflection of the affective state (Frysztak and Neafsey, 1991). Affective state also profoundly influences human speech production (Murray and Arnott, 1993;Bachorowski and Owren, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rats concatenate 22 kHz and 50 kHz calls into a single utterance

Hernández

Sabin

Riede

2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Traditionally, the ultrasonic vocal repertoire of rats is differentiated into 22 kHz and 50 kHz calls, two categories that contain multiple different call types. Although both categories have different functions, they are sometimes produced in the same behavioral context. Here, we investigated the peripheral mechanisms that generate sequences of calls from both categories. Male rats, either sexually experienced or naïve, were exposed to an estrous female. The majority of sexually naïve male rats produced 22 kHz and 50 kHz calls on their first encounter with a female. We recorded subglottal pressure and electromyographic activity of laryngeal muscles and found that male rats sometimes concatenate long 22 kHz calls and 50 kHz trill calls into an utterance produced during a single breath. The qualitatively different laryngeal motor patterns for both call types were produced serially during the same breathing cycle. The finding demonstrates flexibility in the laryngeal-respiratory coordination during ultrasonic vocal production, which has not been previously documented physiologically in non-human mammals. Since only naïve males produced the 22 kHz-trills, it is possible that the production is experience dependent.

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“…Interference with this system prevents information from staying in memory after removal of associated environmental clues (57). Indeed, rats with infralimbic cortex lesion and submitted to an aversive conditioning procedure showed a great reduction in conditioned freezing and ultrasonic vocalizations (58). However, another study using a similar procedure in rats bearing lesions of the same region did not confirm this finding (59).…”

Section: The Post-stimulation Freezingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical connections of the periaqueductal gray: specific neural substrates for different kinds of fear

Vianna

Brandão

2003

Braz J Med Biol Res

157

106

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The periaqueductal gray (PAG) has been traditionally considered to be an exit relay for defensive responses. Functional mapping of its subdivisions has advanced our knowledge of this structure, but synthesis remains difficult mainly because results from lesion and stimulation studies have not correlated perfectly. After using a strategy that combined both techniques and a reevaluation of the available literature on PAG function and connections, we propose here that freezing could be mediated by different PAG subdivisions depending on the presence of immediate danger or exposure to related signaling cues. These subdivisions are separate functional entities with distinct descending and ascending connections that are likely to play a role in different defensive responses. The existence of ascending connections also suggests that the PAG is not simply a final common path for defensive responses. For example, the possibility that indirect ascending connections to the cingulate cortex could play a role in the expression of freezing evoked by activation of the neural substrate of fear in the dorsal PAG has been considered.

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The Effect of Medial Frontal Cortex Lesions on Respiration, “Freezing,” and Ultrasonic Vocalizations during Conditioned Emotional Responses in Rats

Cited by 179 publications

References 0 publications

A role for primate subgenual cingulate cortex in sustaining autonomic arousal

A role for primate subgenual cingulate cortex in sustaining autonomic arousal

Rats concatenate 22 kHz and 50 kHz calls into a single utterance

Anatomical connections of the periaqueductal gray: specific neural substrates for different kinds of fear

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