The Effect of Meal Feeding and of Sham‐Feeding on Insulin Secretion in Dogs

Abstract

After feeding intact conscious dogs 1000 g mashed meat, peripheral venous immunoreactive insulin activity (IRI) increases before any enhancement of amino nitrogen concentration. This course of IRI is paralleled by a decrease of free fatty acids. Meal feeding in dogs, whose pancreatic juice is completely diverted from the gut by a fistula, is followed by a similar IRI increase without a distinct enhancement of amino nitrogen. In oesophagus fistula dogs, sham-feeding meat in 9 out of 15 experiments results in a considerable early IRI increase which is correlated with a small but a significant decrease of blood glucose and free fatty acid concentrations. In these tests there was no amino nitrogen alteration either.

Nutritional implications of the cephalic-phase reflexes: endocrine responses

“…Alternatively, as discussed below, differential responses in cephalic phase insulin and pancreatic polypeptide release suggest that factors other than vagal activation may modulate CPIR. Cephalic phase glucagon release, although documented in rats and dogs (Fischer et al, 1976), has only recently been shown in humans. In a study conducted by Secchi et al (1995), control subjects and recipients of pancreas-kidney transplants ingested a palatable meal while blood was sampled rapidly for a 10 min period.…”

Sensitivity and Specificity of Hypnosis Effects on Gastric Myoelectrical Activity

“…The "cephalic phase" of food ingestion has been known to be potent to induce gastrointestinal physiological responses (saliva secretion) since Pavlov [46], and "sham feeding" techniques have been used in humans to induce gastric emptying [47], gastric acid [48] and pancreatic secretion [49,50], insulin [51] and Immunoglobulin A release [52]. Although Wolf and Wolf [53] previously described an increase in gastric motor activity when food was discussed with a fistulated patient, only limited attention has been given to cephalic influences on gastric motor activity.…”

Physiological Regulation: How It Really Works

“…We (Woods et al, 1977) and others (see reviews in Teff, 2000 andStrubbe andWoods, 2004) have found that environmental stimuli that predict when food will become available, including the time of day, elicit cephalic insulin secretion at that time even if no meal is forthcoming. Importantly, in addition to insulin, many other hormones and enzymes that aid the digestion and absorption processes are also secreted cephalically in anticipation of meals, including ghrelin (Drazen et al, 2006), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) (Vahl et al, 2010), pancreatic polypeptide (Floyd et al, 1976;Teff, 2010), and glucagon (Fischer et al, 1976;Secchi et al, 1995), as well as meal-related neuropeptides such as hypothalamic NPY (Yoshihara et al, 1996a(Yoshihara et al, , 1996b. Cephalic secretion of so many meal-related metabolic compounds represents regulation at its best.…”