The Effect of Maternal Vitamin D Concentration on Fetal Bone

Ioannou, Christos; Javaid, M K; Mahon, Pamela; Yaqub, Mohammad; Harvey, Nicholas C.; Godfrey, Keith M.; Noble, J. Alison; Cooper, Cyrus; Papageorghiou, Aris T.

doi:10.1210/jc.2012-2538

Cited by 92 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These studies have examined associations between estimated maternal intake of vitamin D or single measurements of maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D during pregnancy, and various skeletal outcomes in the offspring. In agreement with data from observational studies and randomized trials discussed above, there were no significant associations found with weight, skeletal lengths, or bone mineral density at birth (281,285,363,399,460,713).…”

Section: Associational Studiessupporting

confidence: 87%

“…However, left unstated in the abstract was that the association was not statistically significant after correcting for gestational age of the babies. (281). Maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin below 75 nM was associated with slightly smaller femur length, width, and volume, an association that is in the opposite direction from the original report by Mahon and co-workers (281).…”

Section: Associational Studiesmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…(281). Maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin below 75 nM was associated with slightly smaller femur length, width, and volume, an association that is in the opposite direction from the original report by Mahon and co-workers (281). Although maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D level predicted fetal femoral volume in a univariate analysis, there was no association after adjusting for maternal height and skinfold thickness (280).…”

Section: Associational Studiesmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Bone Development and Mineral Homeostasis in the Fetus and Neonate: Roles of the Calciotropic and Phosphotropic Hormones

Kovacs

2014

Physiological Reviews

208

188

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Mineral and bone metabolism are regulated differently in utero compared with the adult. The fetal kidneys, intestines, and skeleton are not dominant sources of mineral supply for the fetus. Instead, the placenta meets the fetal need for mineral by actively transporting calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium from the maternal circulation. These minerals are maintained in the fetal circulation at higher concentrations than in the mother and normal adult, and such high levels appear necessary for the developing skeleton to accrete a normal amount of mineral by term. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitriol circulate at low concentrations in the fetal circulation. Fetal bone development and the regulation of serum minerals are critically dependent on PTH and PTH-related protein, but not vitamin D/calcitriol, fibroblast growth factor-23, calcitonin, or the sex steroids. After birth, the serum calcium falls and phosphorus rises before gradually reaching adult values over the subsequent 24 -48 h. The intestines are the main source of mineral for the neonate, while the kidneys reabsorb mineral, and bone turnover contributes mineral to the circulation. This switch in the regulation of mineral homeostasis is triggered by loss of the placenta and a postnatal fall in serum calcium, and is followed in sequence by a rise in PTH and then an increase in calcitriol. Intestinal calcium absorption is initially a passive process facilitated by lactose, but later becomes active and calcitriol-dependent. However, calcitriol's role can be bypassed by increasing the calcium content of the diet, or by parenteral administration of calcium.

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Section: Associational Studiessupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Associational Studiesmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Associational Studiesmentioning

confidence: 82%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Bone Development and Mineral Homeostasis in the Fetus and Neonate: Roles of the Calciotropic and Phosphotropic Hormones

Kovacs

2014

Physiological Reviews

208

188

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…There are inconsistent data on the association between maternal serum 25OHD levels and linear growth during the first year of life [152,[156][157][158] and insufficient to weak evidence for an association between maternal serum 25OHD levels and bone mass or density at birth [150,[159][160][161][162] or in later childhood [158,163,164] . …”

Section: Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Global Consensus Recommendations on Prevention and Management of Nutritional Rickets

Munns¹,

Shaw²,

Kiely³

et al. 2016

Horm Res Paediatr

353

477

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Background: Vitamin D and calcium deficiencies are common worldwide, causing nutritional rickets and osteomalacia, which have a major impact on health, growth, and development of infants, children, and adolescents; the consequences can be lethal or can last into adulthood. The goals of this evidence-based consensus document are to provide health care professionals with guidance for prevention, diagnosis, and management of nutritional rickets and to provide policy makers with a framework to work toward its eradication. Evidence: A systematic literature search examining the definition, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nutritional rickets in children was conducted. Evidence-based recommendations were developed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system that describes the strength of the recommendation and the quality of supporting evidence. Process: Thirty-three nominated experts in pediatric endocrinology, pediatrics, nutrition, epidemiology, public health, and health economics evaluated the evidence on specific questions within five working groups. The consensus group, representing 11 international scientific organizations, participated in a multiday conference in May 2014 to reach a global evidence-based consensus. Results: This consensus document defines nutritional rickets and its diagnostic criteria and describes the clinical management of rickets and osteomalacia. Risk factors, particularly in mothers and infants, are ranked, and specific prevention recommendations including food fortification and supplementation are offered for both the clinical and public health contexts. Conclusion: Rickets, osteomalacia, and vitamin D and calcium deficiencies are preventable global public health problems in infants, children, and adolescents. Implementation of international rickets prevention programs, including supplementation and food fortification, is urgently required. nology, pediatrics, nutrition, epidemiology, public health, and health economics evaluated the evidence on specific questions within five working groups. The consensus group, representing 11 international scientific organizations, participated in a multiday conference in May 2014 to reach a global evidence-based consensus. Results: This consensus document defines nutritional rickets and its diagnostic criteria and describes the clinical management of rickets and osteomalacia. Risk factors, particularly in mothers and infants, are ranked, and specific prevention recommendations including food fortification and supplementation are offered for both the clinical and public health contexts. Conclusion: Rickets, osteomalacia, and vitamin D and calcium deficiencies are preventable global public health problems in infants, children, and adolescents. Implementation of international rickets prevention programs, including supplementation and food fortification, is urgently required. Key WordsRickets · Nutrition · Vitamin D · Calcium · Consensus recommendations Abstract Background: Vitamin D and ca...

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“…Using 3D ultrasound, it is possible to measure not only the FL but also its volume (FV) [5], and this may have the theoretical advantage of allowing a more detailed assessment of femoral size. It has recently been shown that maternal vitamin D insufficiency is associated with reduced FV [6], although there is no significant correlation with FL [6,7]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusion of 3D Ultrasound Images of the Fetal Femur Improves Boundary Definition and Volume Measurement

Yaqub

Ioannou²,

Javaid³

et al. 2013

Fetal Diagn Ther

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Objective: To combine multiple 3D volumes of the same fetal femur into one composite image data set using image registration and wavelet-based fusion. Fused and single data sets were compared in terms of image quality and femur volume (FV) measurement repeatability. Method: In healthy pregnant volunteers, six volumes of the same femur were acquired and fused into a composite data set. Image quality scores were given to the fused and single data sets by an independent assessor in a blinded fashion; repeatability of FV measurement was assessed using coefficients of variation (CV), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots. Results: Fusion was successful in 24 out of 25 cases. Median image quality score was 7/10 in fused data sets, compared to 6/10 in single data sets (p = 0.096). Repeatability of FV measurement was better in fused data sets (intraobserver CV 4.6% and ICC 0.987; interobserver CV 4.9%, ICC 0.985) compared to single ones (intraobserver CV 5.8%, ICC 0.977; interobserver CV 10.0%, ICC 0.931). The measured FV was significantly higher in fused data sets (mean FV 1.7 vs. 1.3 ml, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Image registration and wavelet-based fusion can improve image quality and FV repeatability; it also results in an increased FV measurement.

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The Effect of Maternal Vitamin D Concentration on Fetal Bone

Cited by 92 publications

References 24 publications

Bone Development and Mineral Homeostasis in the Fetus and Neonate: Roles of the Calciotropic and Phosphotropic Hormones

Bone Development and Mineral Homeostasis in the Fetus and Neonate: Roles of the Calciotropic and Phosphotropic Hormones

Global Consensus Recommendations on Prevention and Management of Nutritional Rickets

Fusion of 3D Ultrasound Images of the Fetal Femur Improves Boundary Definition and Volume Measurement

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