The Effect of Maternal Supplementation with Linoleic and .GAMMA.-Linolenic Acids on the Fat Composition and Content of Human Milk: A Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Cant, Andrew J.; Shay, Janet; Horrobin, David F.

doi:10.3177/jnsv.37.573

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Our results are in accordance with previous supplementation studies in healthy subjects. Administration of either evening primrose oil or blackcurrant seed oil (both rich in GLA) raised the levels of GLA and DGLA (Rassias & Gibson, 1988), and supplementation with evening primrose oil for 2 ± 6 months increased the breast milk level of GLA and DGLA, but not AA (Cant et al, 1991). Therefore, it is unlikely that the absence of an increase in AA in our study is due to the short duration of supplementation or to a disturbance of fatty acid metabolism related to atopy of the mother.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential fatty acids in breast milk of atopic mothers: comparison with non-atopic mothers, and effect of borage oil supplementation

et al. 2000

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Objective: To evaluate whether levels of n-6 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPs) in human breast milk are related to the mother's atopic constitution, and whether a decreased level can be restored by gamma-linolenic acid supplementation. Design: Cross-sectional study and dietary supplementation trial. Subjects: 20 atopic mothers and 20 non-atopic mothers (controls), all lactating. Setting: General population. Interventions: The atopic mothers were randomly assigned to low (n 10) or high (n 10) dosage oral supplementation with oral borage oil for one week (230 or 460 mg gamma-linolenic acid (18:3n-6) per day). Main outcome measures: Essential fatty acid composition of the breast milk total fat fraction, determined by gas liquid chromatography. Results: Arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) was lower in breast milk of atopic mothers compared with non-atopic mothers (0.39 wt% vs 0.46 wt%, difference 7 0.07% wt% (95% con®dence limits 7 0.13, 7 0.01 wt%; P`0.05). The ratio between linoleic acid and the sum of n-6 derivatives did not differ between these groups, indicating no difference in delta-6-desaturase (D6D) activity. Supplementation of the atopic mothers signi®-cantly increased the levels of gamma-linolenic acid and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid in breast milk in a doserelated way, but the level of arachidonic acid was not increased. Conclusion: We found a decreased level of arachidonic acid in breast milk in atopic compared to non-atopic mothers, but no indication that the rate-limiting enzymatic step (D6D) is involved. Supplementation increased the precursor pool but did not restore the level of arachidonic acid. We conclude that atopy is related to a metabolic disturbance beyond the D6D enzymatic step. A low level of arachidonic acid in breast milk may be a risk factor for the development of atopy in the infant, especially when the possible underlying metabolic disturbance of EFA metabolism is inherited by the child.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential fatty acids in breast milk of atopic mothers: comparison with non-atopic mothers, and effect of borage oil supplementation

et al. 2000

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“…The dosage of GLA was reported to be physiological amounts (100 mg/day) as found in healthy non-atopic individuals and yet it did not produce any significant change in maternal milk fatty acid content, nor did it alter the infant erythrocyte fatty acid composition. Historically, maternal supplementation with 320 mg of GLA per day from EPO increased milk AA levels by up to 8% [57] and more recent studies have confirmed that milk polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content influences the composition of infant serum phospholipids [41].…”

Section: Speculative Debatementioning

confidence: 99%

A Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials of Efamol® Evening Primrose Oil in Atopic Eczema. Where Do We Go from Here in Light of More Recent Discoveries?

Morse¹,

Clough²

2006

CPB

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“…19,41,43 There have been cases in which evening primrose oil appears to have exacerbated epilepsy. Drugs that may interact adversely with evening primrose include phenothiazines, 37,39,44 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, 45 ␤-blockers, 39 and anticoagulants. 43 …”

Section: Evening Primrosementioning

confidence: 99%

Herbal Remedies in Psychiatric Practice

Wong¹,

Smith²,

Boon³

1998

Arch Gen Psychiatry

198

123

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Patients' use of alternative and complementary health services has created a need for physicians to become informed about the current literature regarding these treatments. Herbal remedies may be encountered in psychiatric practice when they are used to treat psychiatric symptoms; produce changes in mood, thinking, or behavior as a side effect; or interact with psychiatric medications. English-language articles and translated abstracts or articles (where available) found on MEDLINE and sources from the alternative/complementary health field were reviewed. Each herb was assessed for its safety, side effects, drug interactions, and efficacy in treating target symptoms or diagnoses. A synopsis of the information available for each herb is presented. In many cases the quantity and quality of data were insufficient to make definitive conclusions about efficacy or safety. However, there was good evidence for the efficacy of St John's wort for the treatment of depression and for ginkgo in the treatment of memory impairment caused by dementia. More research is required for most of the herbs reviewed, but the information published to date is still of clinical interest in diagnosing, counseling, and treating patients who may be taking botanical remedies.

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The Effect of Maternal Supplementation with Linoleic and .GAMMA.-Linolenic Acids on the Fat Composition and Content of Human Milk: A Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Abstract: SummaryTotal fat content and therefore total energy content and the content of essential fatty acids (EFAs) in milk are known to decline with

Cited by 27 publications

References 15 publications

Essential fatty acids in breast milk of atopic mothers: comparison with non-atopic mothers, and effect of borage oil supplementation

Essential fatty acids in breast milk of atopic mothers: comparison with non-atopic mothers, and effect of borage oil supplementation

A Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials of Efamol® Evening Primrose Oil in Atopic Eczema. Where Do We Go from Here in Light of More Recent Discoveries?

Herbal Remedies in Psychiatric Practice

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The Effect of Maternal Supplementation with Linoleic and .GAMMA.-Linolenic Acids on the Fat Composition and Content of Human Milk: A Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Abstract: SummaryTotal fat content and therefore total energy content and the content of essential fatty acids (EFAs) in milk are known to decline with

Cited by 27 publications

References 15 publications

Essential fatty acids in breast milk of atopic mothers: comparison with non-atopic mothers, and effect of borage oil supplementation

Essential fatty acids in breast milk of atopic mothers: comparison with non-atopic mothers, and effect of borage oil supplementation

A Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials of Efamol&#174; Evening Primrose Oil in Atopic Eczema. Where Do We Go from Here in Light of More Recent Discoveries?

Herbal Remedies in Psychiatric Practice

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Product

Resources

About

A Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials of Efamol® Evening Primrose Oil in Atopic Eczema. Where Do We Go from Here in Light of More Recent Discoveries?