The Effect of Maternal Hypoxia on Fetal Pituitary Hormone Release in the Sheep

Alexander, Pauline; Forsling, Mary L.; Martin, Marion; Nixon, D. A.; Ratcliffe, John G.; Redstone, D.; Tunbridge, D.

doi:10.1159/000240510

Cited by 60 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Acute hypoxia or hypercapnic acidosis also stimulates the hypothalamus to secrete ADHdirectly or via carotid baroreceptors (7). Hypoxia stimulates the hypothalamus to secrete ADHdirectly, and possibility to induce SIADH (8). But in the present patient, hypoxia had already been observed before development of SIADH.In all of the other previously reported cases except one, hypoxia was not observed at the time of SIADH.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 41%

An Autopsy Case of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Accompanied by Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone.

et al. 2002

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Wereport an autopsy-confirmed case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) accompanied by syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). A 67-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with muscle weakness, dysarthria and dysphagia. During hospitalization, respiratory insufficiency was ingravescent, and hyponatremia, hypo-osmolarity, elevated osmotic pressure of urine, and elevated urinary sodium excretion were noted. Based on these findings we diagnosed ALS with SIADH, and treatment with infusion of concentrated NaCl was started. However, the patient died of respiratory failure on day 50. Weassumed that severely restrictive ventilatory impairment was the cause of SIADHin this case. (Intrenal Medicine 41: 395-397, 2002)

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 41%

An Autopsy Case of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Accompanied by Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone.

et al. 2002

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“…A 40-50% reduction of blood volume in acutely exteriorized sheep fetuses elicited a maximal response of 80-1000 /iU/ml (Alexander et al, 1974a). Maternal hypoxia caused an increase in sheep fetal arginine vasopressin concentration to 119 and 100 /xU/ml (Alexander et al, 1972).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plasma concentrations of arginine vasopressin in the fetus are increased in response to hypoxemia (Rurak, 1975;Alexander et al, 1972). Vasopressin in turn shifts blood flow from the peripheral and gastrointestinal vascular beds to the placenta, heart, brain, and spleen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is not known, however, whether arginine vasopressin has a role in normal fetal physiology or in the fetal response to stressful stimuli. Plasma concentrations of arginine vasopressin in the sheep fetus have been shown to be elevated in response to various stimuli such as fetal hemorrhage, hypoxia, increased plasma sodium, and surgical manipulation (Alexander et al, 1974a, b;Rurak, 1975;Skowsky et al, 1973;Alexander et al, 1972).The cardiovascular system of the fetus responds to neurohypophysial hormones; intravenous infusion of arginine vasopressin into the sheep fetus has been shown to cause an increase in blood pressure and a decrease in heart rate (Rurak, 1975;Alexander et al, 1976). At present there is no information regarding the specific actions of arginine vasopressin on the cardiovascular system of the fetus.…”

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Hemodynamic responses of the sheep fetus to vasopressin infusion.

Iwamoto¹,

Rudolph²,

Keil³

et al. 1979

Circulation Research

142

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SUMMARYThe effects of intravenous infusion of vasopressin on the circulation of the fetus were studied in lambs in utero with chronically maintained intravascular catheters. Vasopressin infused in doses of 0.91-2.26 mU/min per kg fetal weight resulted in plasma levels of arginine vasopressin of 6.8-36.4 /iU/ml; these levels are similar to those achieved during fetal hypoxia. Petal mean arterial blood pressure increased from control levels of 47 ± 1.7 to 56 ± 1.9 nun Hg, and heart rate fell from 174 ± 4.1 to 144 ± 4.4 beats/min. Fetal cardiac output and its distribution and actual organ blood flows were measured before and during vasopressin infusion by the radionuclide-labeled microsphere technique. Combined ventricular output did not change significantly, but there was a redistribution of flow, with a marked reduction of the proportion of cardiac output to the gastrointestinal and peripheral circulations and an increase in the percent of cardiac output to the umbilical-placental, myocardial, and cerebral circulations. This redistribution was associated with a significant increase in fetal arterial Po» from 22 to 24 torr. Changes in heart rate, cardiac output, and distribution of cardiac output to various fetal organs are similar to those seen during fetal hypoxia and suggest that vasopressin release may play an important role in the fetal cardiovascular response to stress. ORE Res 44: 430-436, 1979 ARGININE VASOPRESSIN has been detected in the neurohypophysis (Alexander et al., 1974a;Skowsky and Fisher, 1977; Vizsolyi and Perks, 1976a, b) and plasma (Rurak, 1975;Skowsky et al., 1974) of fetal sheep by midgestation. It is not known, however, whether arginine vasopressin has a role in normal fetal physiology or in the fetal response to stressful stimuli. Plasma concentrations of arginine vasopressin in the sheep fetus have been shown to be elevated in response to various stimuli such as fetal hemorrhage, hypoxia, increased plasma sodium, and surgical manipulation (Alexander et al., 1974a, b;Rurak, 1975;Skowsky et al., 1973;Alexander et al., 1972).The cardiovascular system of the fetus responds to neurohypophysial hormones; intravenous infusion of arginine vasopressin into the sheep fetus has been shown to cause an increase in blood pressure and a decrease in heart rate (Rurak, 1975;Alexander et al., 1976). At present there is no information regarding the specific actions of arginine vasopressin on the cardiovascular system of the fetus. It is known that, in the adult, arginine vasopressin causes bradycardia and vasoconstriction of certain vascular beds, resulting in an increase in blood pressure (Vizsolyi and Perks, 1976a;Altura and Altura, 1977;Schmid et al., 1974). Our studies were undertaken to determine whether these responses are present in the fetus, and to characterize further the action of vasopressin on the hemodynamics of the sheep fetus. The nuclide-labeled microsphere method (Rudolph and Heymann, 1967;Heymann et al., 1977) was used to determine the distribution of combined ventricular output to v...

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Neural and Endocrine Regulation of Circulation in the Fetus and Newborn

Mott

Walker

1983

Comprehensive Physiology

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The Effect of Maternal Hypoxia on Fetal Pituitary Hormone Release in the Sheep

Cited by 60 publications

References 8 publications

An Autopsy Case of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Accompanied by Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone.

An Autopsy Case of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Accompanied by Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone.

Hemodynamic responses of the sheep fetus to vasopressin infusion.

Neural and Endocrine Regulation of Circulation in the Fetus and Newborn

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