The Effect of Maternal Antibodies on Clinical Response to Infection with Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Fawns

Stilwell, Natalie K.; Clarke, Lorelei L.; Howerth, Elizabeth W.; Kienzle-Dean, Clara; Fojtik, Alinde; Hollander, Laura P.; Carter, Deborah; Osborn, David A; D'Angelo, Gino J.; Miller, Karl V.; Stallknecht, David E.; Ruder, Mark G.

doi:10.7589/jwd-d-20-00001

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Previously, studies showed that maternally-derived neutralizing antibodies against EHDV were detectable in fawns until 17-18 weeks of age [75]. A recently developed WTD fawn challenge model addressed the question of whether such maternallyderived antibodies against EHDV are protective against challenge; in this study it was demonstrated that even low titers of maternal antibodies to EHDV-2 provided protection against clinical disease and greatly reduced levels of viremia following challenge with the homologous EHDV-2 serotype virus [72]. Finally, the WTD model was recently applied to vaccine discovery, enabling the evaluation of immunogenicity and efficacy induced by a novel subunit vaccine candidate comprised of the recombinant viral capsid VP2 protein of EHDV-2 [73].…”

Section: Wtd In Vivo Studiesmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…A well-defined animal model is a quintessential research tool for advancing knowledge of pathogen transmission and pathogenesis, and an absolute requirement for countermeasure discovery and development. Despite the inherent challenges of working with WTD in research settings, experimental infections in deer have provided insights into host susceptibility, pathogenesis, and immune responses since the initial determination that EHD was a viral disease [10,[64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73]). Recent advances using in vivo WTD studies include the determination that deer were susceptible to experimental challenge with the emerging serotype EHDV-6, and that the EHDV-6-infected animals presented with clinical signs, pathological abnormalities, and postmortem findings consistent with studies of other EHDV serotypes in WTD [71].…”

Section: Wtd In Vivo Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Perspectives on the Changing Landscape of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Control

Noronha

Cohnstaedt

Richt

et al. 2021

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) is an insect-transmitted viral disease of wild and domestic ruminants. It was first described following a 1955 epizootic in North American white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), a species which is highly susceptible to the causative agent of EHD, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV). EHDV has been detected globally across tropical and temperate regions, largely corresponding to the presence of Culicoides spp. biting midges which transmit the virus between ruminant hosts. It regularly causes high morbidity and mortality in wild and captive deer populations in endemic areas during epizootics. Although cattle historically have been less susceptible to EHDV, reports of clinical disease in cattle have increased in the past two decades. There is a pressing need to identify new methods to prevent and mitigate outbreaks and reduce the considerable impacts of EHDV on livestock and wildlife. This review discusses recent research advancements towards the control of EHDV, including the development of new investigative tools and progress in basic and applied research focused on virus detection, disease mitigation, and vector control. The potential impacts and implications of these advancements on EHD management are also discussed.

show abstract

Section: Wtd In Vivo Studiesmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Wtd In Vivo Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on the Changing Landscape of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Control

Noronha

Cohnstaedt

Richt

et al. 2021

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The social and nutritional stresses of weaning are known to produce impaired immunocompetence in young ruminants, including cervids [ 37 ], and this period of high stress and immunocompromise coincides with the peak of the HD transmission season in late summer and early fall. Maternal antibodies to EHDV have been shown to reduce or prevent clinical HD in protected WTD fawns [ 11 ], but maternal antibody titers decline by around 4–5 months of age [ 33 , 38 ]. The concurrence of impaired immunocompetence due to weaning stress, increased infection pressure, and decay of maternal antibody titers likely explain the high proportion of EHDV/BTV-positive submissions from this age range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EHDV-6 was first detected in the US in 2006 and has since become widespread [ 7 ]. In regions where multiple endemic serotypes circulate on an annual basis (e.g., southern Florida) [ 8 , 9 ], immunity acquired through previous infection and the passive transfer of maternal antibodies in native WTD populations may produce a state of enzootic stability [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. In these regions, clinical disease is rare despite on-going exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mortality-Based Description of EHDV and BTV Prevalence in Farmed White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Florida, USA

Cottingham

White

Campos-Krauer

2021

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hemorrhagic disease (HD) caused by bluetongue virus (BTV) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) is the most important viral disease of farmed and wild white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus) and can cause substantial mortality in susceptible hosts. Captive cervid farming is an emerging industry in Florida, an HD-enzootic region. Morbidity and mortality due to HD are major concerns among deer farmers, but the impact of HD on Florida’s cervid farming industry is unknown. Our primary objective was to determine the prevalence of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) and bluetongue virus (BTV) among WTD submitted to the University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Cervidae Health Research Initiative (CHeRI) for post-mortem diagnostics. Our secondary objectives were to identify the predominant circulating EHDV serotypes during each sampling year and to determine the age class with the greatest proportion of EHDV- and BTV-positive post-mortem specimens. From 2016 to 2020, spleen samples from 539 farmed WTD with unexplained mortality were tested for the presence of EHDV and BTV by RT-qPCR. Overall, the prevalence of EHDV, BTV, or EHDV/BTV coinfection was 26%, 16%, and 10%, respectively, and 44% of deer (237/539) were diagnosed with HD by RT-qPCR. The predominant circulating EHDV serotype varied by year. Overall, EHDV-2 was the most commonly identified serotype (55% of PCR-positive cases), and EHDV-1 was the least frequently identified serotype (16% of PCR-positive cases). The greatest proportion of EHDV/BTV positives among mortality cases was observed in young WTD aged 3–6 months (50%–82% positive). There was a significant difference in the prevalence of EHDV/BTV by age when comparing specimens from WTD over 1 year old (p = 0.029, n = 527). Among these samples, the number of reported mortalities and the prevalence of EHDV/BTV were highest in yearling animals (56%). These data provide the first estimate of EHDV and BTV prevalence and virus serotypes among farmed WTD in Florida, identify the WTD age groups with the greatest proportions of EHDV- and BTV-positive specimens, and suggest that HD caused by these two viruses may be a major source of mortality challenging the captive cervid farming industry in Florida.

show abstract

“…Maternally derived antibodies may help to prevent infection or reduce the severity of disease in fawns. For example, the presence of maternally derived antibodies to epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) serotype 2 in fawns prevented or significantly reduced clinical disease and length of viremia compared with that of naïve fawns challenged under experimental conditions (Stilwell et al 2021). Conversely, infection of a dam is likely to come at an energetic cost that may result in the birth of smaller fawns and compromise the dam's ability to rear young (Verme 1965; Ballard 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Preliminary Investigation of Pathogen Exposure of Adult Female White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) and Survival of Associated Fawns in the Western Dakotas, Usa

Jensen,

Brackel,

Kaskie

et al. 2023

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exposure of a dam to pathogens may potentially affect her fawns positively or negatively. Mammalian females transfer immunologic protection to their offspring via colostrum obtained while nursing. Conversely, chronic diseases in dams may potentially result in small and weak neonates, reduced milk production or quality, or infection. Little is known about how pathogen exposure in adult female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) affects offspring survival. Our objective was to assess pathogen exposure for female white-tailed deer and subsequent survival rates of fawns in Dunn and Grant counties, North Dakota, and Perkins County, South Dakota, USA. We collected blood serum from 150 adult female deer during 2014. We compared survival of 49 fawns to maternal exposure to 10 pathogens from 37 of 150 adult females. There was no difference in fawn mass between dams based on antibody status and no difference in fawn survival for nine pathogens. The 12-wk survival for fawns born to mothers with antibodies against bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1, causing infectious bovine rhinotracheitis) was lower than for fawns born from mothers without antibodies against BoHV-1; however, the indirect or direct impacts of BoHV-1 exposure in mothers on fawn survival are unclear. Although our findings suggest that the cost of exposure to previous diseases may have minimal impact on short-term fawn survival for most pathogens, additional research with increased sample sizes is needed to confirm our findings.

show abstract

The Effect of Maternal Antibodies on Clinical Response to Infection with Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Fawns

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Perspectives on the Changing Landscape of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Control

Perspectives on the Changing Landscape of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Control

A Mortality-Based Description of EHDV and BTV Prevalence in Farmed White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Florida, USA

A Preliminary Investigation of Pathogen Exposure of Adult Female White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) and Survival of Associated Fawns in the Western Dakotas, Usa

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About