The effect of martensite on the sensitization of low carbon 304 stainless steel

Effect of cold work on low-temperature sensitization behaviour of austenitic stainless steels

“…The martensite formed is ferromagnetic and detected by magnetic measurements. It had also been shown [39][40][41][42] that 304 transforms to martensite upon cold rolling and martensite gets easily sensitized after short term exposures to temperatures from 350-500°C. However the extent of retained strain (cold work without formation of martensite) and its result on LTS have not been identified.…”

“…In 304L about 3% martensite was present after 15% reduction in thickness by cold rolling. Martensite has been shown by other investigators to precipitate chromium rich carbides at temperatures at or much lower than the temperatures for austenitic grain boundaries, hence much more prone to LTS [40][41][42]. Martensite is a body centered tetragonal phase that is strained due to presence of carbon atoms and upon slight activation by heating at temperatures 350-500°C the chromium carbides precipitate out from the laths of martensite.…”

Study of strain induced martensite formation in a Ti modified 316 stainless steel bellow by transmission electron microscopy

“…It is reported that formation of strain induced martensite can cause a low temperature sensitization (673-773 K) at long durations (10 2 -10 3 h) in austenitic stainless steels [24]. In deformed SS 304, it has been shown [25] that fine M 23 C 6 precipitates form within martensite laths and on lath boundaries leading to sensitization at shorter durations even at lower temperatures than in the absence of strain induced martensite. In the present study, formation of M 23 C 6 precipitates in the presence of TiC could be due to the high carbon content of the steel.…”

Simulación del efecto de la irradiación mediante el trabajado en frío y los tratamientos térmicos en dos aceros inoxidables austeníticos

“…El trabajado en frío reduce el tiempo necesario para producir la recuperación del material produciendo lugares adicionales para la precipitación de carburos como son las dislocaciones (11). El empobrecimiento en cromo, por tanto, no va a ocurrir con tanta facilidad en los bordes de grano y los (12) demostraban que el trabajado en frío anterior a la sensibilización provoca precipitación de carburos de forma intragranular, además de formación de martensita inducida por deformación.…”