The effect of mark enhancement techniques on the subsequent detection of saliva

McAllister, Trisha; Graham, Eleanor A. M.; Deacon, Paul; Farrugia, Kevin J.

doi:10.1016/j.scijus.2016.05.004

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Many studies reported the RSID™-Saliva kit is more sensitive when compared to previously used immunochromatographic identification methods; SALIgAE® and Phadebas® tests (Pang and Cheung, 2008;Casey and Price, 2010). McAllister et al, (2016) recorded better extraction and improvement of the visualisation of saliva deposited on non-porous substrates after usage of enhancement techniques (Cyanoacrylate/BY40, Ironoxide PS and Ninhydrin) prior to extraction by RSID kit. These techniques provide a target area for swabbing for subsequent confirmation and DNA tests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The saliva samples were obtained after at least an hour of brushing teeth and eating or drinking anything. This was to ensure that the samples were collected under near constant conditions, to minimise the variation in amylase concentrations and to remove food residue (McAllister et al, 2016).…”

Section:  Inclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detection protocol can be completely integrated into the procedures for DNA extraction and analysis. The test detects saliva stain from envelopes, glass bottles, cans, swabs, plastic lids etc., before they are processed for DNA-STR analysis (McAllister et al, 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Rapid Stain Biomarker : A Novel Tool for the Forensic Detection of Saliva (Effect of Time and Surface on its Reliability )

Mahmoud

Zaki

2018

Ain Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology

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Saliva is one of the vital fluids secreted by the human body; it can be deposited on the human skin or other materials through biting, sucking, licking and kissing. Saliva stains encountered in forensic casework is an important source of DNA; so, it is considered an important evidence for personnel identification. The rapid Stain Identification of Human Saliva (RSID TM-Saliva) bioassay is designed to detect specifically the presence of human salivary -amylase enzyme. Test development is completed within 10 minutes and can detect as little as 1l of human saliva. The detection protocol can be completely integrated into the procedures for DNA extraction and analysis. Aim: Assess the efficacy of RSID TM-Saliva strip test for the detection of human saliva under some different variables (different surfaces & different time intervals).Evaluate the quality of DNA extracted from unpreserved saliva and the possibility of its usage as evidence in forensics. Methodology: Fifty two saliva samples were collected from four volunteers. Forty eight of them were deposited over surfaces of different nature (plastic bottles, glass cup and cigarette butts) at the same time. Four saliva samples were collected directly from the floor of the mouth of each participant by a cotton swab (positive control group). All samples were left to dry for 10 min at room temperature then extracted and analyzed according to the protocol designed for (RSID TM-Saliva). Collected samples were studied as three tested groups and as control groups. Saliva samples collected from each participant were categorized into four subgroups according to the time interval of saliva extraction [zero (on the spot), 10, 20, and 30 days].Positive samples for saliva identification were subjected to DNA extraction and typing; as three autosomal primers short tandem repeats (STRs) specific to human genomic DNA (D21S11, D18S51 and CSF1PO) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR); then subjected to separation and analysis of fragments size by agarose gel electrophoresis to determine their allelic size through comparison to the standard allelic 100 bp ladder. Results: Saliva could be identified in 100% of tested samples as well as for the positive control samples, which were subjected to successful DNA extraction followed by PCR amplification of the chosen three STRs. Results of agarose gel revealed that the sizes of these PCR products were in accordance with the 100 bp DNA ladder; validating the good quality and quantity of the extracted DNA Conclusion: the current study demonstrated that non-stored saliva deposited over different surfaces for up to 30 days presents an ideal source for DNA which may be used for forensic identification. The study also evidenced that the new RSID-saliva strip test is a fast, easy, sensitive and reliable method for saliva identification over different surfaces.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section:  Inclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid Stain Biomarker : A Novel Tool for the Forensic Detection of Saliva (Effect of Time and Surface on its Reliability )

Mahmoud

Zaki

2018

Ain Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology

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“…Saliva spots are usually not clear from visual assessment (McAllister, 2016). However, some types of evidence often include saliva marks such as drinking containers, cigarette butts, chewing gum, and adhesive surfaces of envelopes, bite marks, and nylon masks.…”

Section: Sputum Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic Protocols and Investigation of Crimes in Pakistan: A Case of Sindh

Mangi¹

2021

PSSR

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This study was conducted to examine the importance of the existing Forensic Protocol procedure adopted for the investigation of various crimes in Sindh, especially in the Karachi and Hyderabad areas. Forensic science plays an imperative role in any criminal investigation to identify the culprit using scientific methods. In current study, the forensic protocol discusses the roles of the following respondents: healthcare providers, lawyers, law enforcement agents, forensic scientists and the prosecution. Police in Sindh Province is a mix of human resources with different levels of education and training. When police participants were asked if they had ever studied forensics, it was found that 47.1% had studied forensics, while 52.9% denied it. It means that 52.9% of the surveyed police officers have poor forensic knowledge and experience. With the help of qualitative research methodology, this research has been analyzed. The potential of forensic science in Sindh is based on overcoming limitation and enhancing development characteristics. Barriers include traditional attitudes, lack of implementation, lack of funding, lack of trained personnel, equipment, and laboratories. Forensic scientific investigations are possible if the police establish a new professional culture, professional ethics, scientific methods and tools, amplifying training, and establishing forensic laboratories.

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“…There is a growing body of literature assessing the impact of multiple types of analysis [1][2][3][4] A sequential order for treating multiple types of evidence should be established to maximise the evidence recovery. If a biological stain is not visible, speculative swabbing may be detrimental to any latent marks present.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscript Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of mark enhancement techniques on the presumptive and confirmatory tests for blood

et al. 2018

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An investigation into the effects of physical and chemical enhancement on subsequent presumptive and confirmatory tests for human blood is presented. Human blood was deposited onto porous (white 80gsm paper and brown envelope) and non-porous (tile and linoleum) substrates in a depletion series (30 depletions on non-porous and 20 on porous) and subjected to three ageing periods; 1, 7 and 28 days. A number of enhancement techniques were tested [fluorescence, black magnetic powder (BMP), iron-oxide black powder suspension (PS), cyanoacrylate (CA) fuming, acid violet 17 (AV17), acid yellow 7 (AY7), ninhydrin, DFO and Bluestar Forensic Magnum (BFM) luminol] to evaluate their potential effects on subsequent presumptive and confirmatory tests. AV17 and Bluestar provided the best enhancement and fully enhanced all depletions in the series. The sensitivity of the Kastle-Meyer (KM) (presumptive), Takayama and RSID-Blood tests (confirmatory) was initially investigated to determine the range of detectable depletions. The KM test detected all depletions, whereas the Takayama test detected up to depletion 6 and RSID-Blood detected up to depletion 20 (paper), 10 (envelope), 15 (tile) and 9 (lino). The abilities of these tests to detect blood after enhancement were then observed.A number of techniques resulted in little to no effect on any of the blood tests, whereas adverse effects were observed for others. Ninhydrin and CA fuming caused weak but instantaneous positive KM results whereas methanol-based AV17 and AY7 delayed the reaction by as much as 1 minute. The Takayama test was not very sensitive, therefore, its performance was easily affected by enhancement and negative results were often observed. RSID-Blood tests were largely unaffected by chemical enhancement although a drop in positive results was observed for some of the techniques when compared to positive controls.Using a standard procedure for DNA extraction, all the tested blood samples (before and after enhancement) gave a detectable quantity of DNA and were successfully profiled. Out of the 45 samples processed for DNA profiling, 44 gave full profiles, while the remaining showed allele drop out in one or two loci.

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The effect of mark enhancement techniques on the subsequent detection of saliva

Cited by 7 publications

References 60 publications

Rapid Stain Biomarker : A Novel Tool for the Forensic Detection of Saliva (Effect of Time and Surface on its Reliability )

Rapid Stain Biomarker : A Novel Tool for the Forensic Detection of Saliva (Effect of Time and Surface on its Reliability )

Forensic Protocols and Investigation of Crimes in Pakistan: A Case of Sindh

The effect of mark enhancement techniques on the presumptive and confirmatory tests for blood

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