The Effect of Marine Bacteria on the Development and Hatching of Pelagic Fish Eggs, and the Control of Such Bacteria by Antibiotics

Oppenheimer, Carl H.

doi:10.2307/1439451

Cited by 61 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…It was therefore decided to use antibiotics, since these would either partially or completely control the bacterial population, without removing any substance from the sea water which might be required by the larvae. Oppenheimer (1955) has used antibiotics to good effect in hatching marine fish eggs. Some experiments in which lamellibranch larvae were grown for a time in the presence of antibiotics have been reported by Davis & Chanely (1956).…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Bacteria in Laboratory Experiments on Rearing the Larvae ofOstrea Edulis(L.)

Walne

1958

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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Preliminary experiments had suggested that the extent of the development of the bacterial flora which develops when sea water is confined in small vessels is an important factor in the laboratory culture of oyster larvae. In the experiments reported in this paper the growth and settlement of oyster larvae was compared in controls of normal sea water with those in which the bacterial flora was controlled with antibiotics.A concentration of 50 i.u. of the sodium salt of penicillin G per ml. suppressed bacterial growth for at least 2 days and, in a series of experiments using fifteen different broods of larvae, significantly (P>0·001) more spat were obtained in those to which penicillin had been added than in the controls.A mixture of 50 units of penicillin G and 0·05 mg streptomycin sulphate was tried in three series of experiments. This completely suppressed the development of bacteria for at least nine days. In all three series many more spat were obtained than in the controls, but in only one series was there more spat than in the comparable penicillin experiment. It is suggested that when the bacterial population is very vigorous, or perhaps when certain species are present, this mixture will be more useful than penicillin alone. Experiments with other concentrations of penicillin, and with streptomycin and chloromycetin alone were not successful.

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Bacteria in Laboratory Experiments on Rearing the Larvae ofOstrea Edulis(L.)

Walne

1958

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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“…Emphasis has been placed on either the numbers (Oppenheimer, 1955;Patrick, 1978) or types of bacteria (Baumann, Baumann & Mandel, 1971;Baumann et al 1972;Austin, 1982), but there is no information about seasonal microbial population shifts which might be expected to occur in marine conditions. This study concerns the ecology of the bacterial microflora in an experimental marine fish rearing unit at the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Fisheries Laboratory, Lowestoft.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial microflora associated with a coastal, marine fish-rearing unit

Austin

1983

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

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“…For treatment of fish eggs directly, several authors have reported success reducing or eliminating bacterial pathogens using antibiotics. For example, Oppenheimer [28] significantly improved hatching success using penicillin G and streptomycin (50 mg/L of each) to treat eggs of Sardinops, Pleuronichthys and Gadus; Aureomycin and polymyxin combined also gave good results. Similarly Peck et al [29] found that 24 h treatment of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua or haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus eggs with a 0.005% solution of penicillin-streptomycin improved hatching success.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Penicillin-G: Efficacy against <i>Flavobacterium psychrophilum</i> and evaluation of lethal dose limits for rainbow trout

Wagner

Oplinger²,

Bartley³

2012

OJAS

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The effect of penicillin-G on Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the cause of bacterial coldwater disease, was evaluated in 15 min and overnight exposures. Separate tests evaluated the effect of increasing doses of penicillin-G to rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss eggs, fingerlings, and adults. Rainbow trout eggs were exposed for 1 h to penicillin doses of 0, 250, 500, 1000, 10,000, 50,000, or 100,000 IU/mL. Mean percent hatch ranged from 64.6% to 75.1%, and did not significantly differ among the treatments. Fingerlings were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 200 µL of 0, 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10,000, 100,000, or 500,000 IU/mL. Probit analysis resulted in a LD 10 (lethal dose for 10% of injected fish) of 52,868 IU/mL (95% confidence limits: 31,522 -69,490 IU/mL) and a LD 50 of 131,466 IU/mL (113,095 -157,878 IU/mL). Brood stock were injected (i.p.) with 200 µL of penicillin at concentrations of 0 (control), 10,000, 50,000, 100,000, 200,000, 400,000, or 800,000 IU/mL. Mortality ranged from 0% to 7% (50,000 IU/mL treatment) and did not significantly differ among treatments. In 28 h exposure tests, penicillin concentrations of ≥ 333 IU/mL were required to completely suppress growth of F. psychrophilum. In 15 min exposures, ≥ 10,000 IU/mL were needed to achieve the same result. Tests indicated that rainbow trout eggs can tolerate 1 h exposures to penicillin-G concentrations as high as 100,000 IU/mL, and that brood fish can tolerate injections of at least 800,000 IU/mL. Fingerling data however, suggested that injection of doses greater than 10,000 IU/mL can be toxic. The data suggests rainbow trout eggs or brood can tolerate high doses of penicillin-G that could be used for controlling the transfer of F. psychrophilum to hatcheries receiving eggs.

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The Effect of Marine Bacteria on the Development and Hatching of Pelagic Fish Eggs, and the Control of Such Bacteria by Antibiotics

Cited by 61 publications

References 0 publications

The Importance of Bacteria in Laboratory Experiments on Rearing the Larvae ofOstrea Edulis(L.)

The Importance of Bacteria in Laboratory Experiments on Rearing the Larvae ofOstrea Edulis(L.)

Bacterial microflora associated with a coastal, marine fish-rearing unit

Penicillin-G: Efficacy against <i>Flavobacterium psychrophilum</i> and evaluation of lethal dose limits for rainbow trout

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The Effect of Marine Bacteria on the Development and Hatching of Pelagic Fish Eggs, and the Control of Such Bacteria by Antibiotics

Cited by 61 publications

References 0 publications

The Importance of Bacteria in Laboratory Experiments on Rearing the Larvae ofOstrea Edulis(L.)

The Importance of Bacteria in Laboratory Experiments on Rearing the Larvae ofOstrea Edulis(L.)

Bacterial microflora associated with a coastal, marine fish-rearing unit

Penicillin-G: Efficacy against &lt;i&gt;Flavobacterium psychrophilum&lt;/i&gt; and evaluation of lethal dose limits for rainbow trout

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Penicillin-G: Efficacy against <i>Flavobacterium psychrophilum</i> and evaluation of lethal dose limits for rainbow trout