THE EFFECT OF MANGANESE ON ROOT EXTENSION OF <i>GEUM RIVALE</i> L., <i>G. URBANUM</i> L. AND THEIR HYBRIDS

Waldren, S.; Davies, M. S.; Etherington, John

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1987.tb00168.x

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…However, the pattern of variation even within the small Highfolds area was for hybrids to intergrade with G. rivale. Experimental evidence has shown that progeny of hybrids raised as families do not necessarily have ecological tolerances intermediate between the parent species, and that these tolerances could not be consistently related to gross morphology (Waldren, Davies & Etherington, 1987b;Waldren, Etherington & Davies, 1988). Anderson (1949) suggested that genes which determine ecological preferences are inherited in the same way as morphological genes, but this does not necessarily mean that ecological and morphological genes will be inherited together because of linkage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A squared Euclidean distance dissimilarity matrix was calculated from standardized data and used for cluster analysis by Ward's error sum of squares method (Ward, 1963), using the CLUSTAN package (Wishart, 1978). Hybrid indices were calculated by the method of Waldren, Davies & Etherington (1987b), and ranged from 0 (G. urbanum) to 30 (G. rivale).…”

Section: Morphological Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hybridization and ecology of Geum rivale L. and Geum urbanum L. (Rosaceae) at Malham Tarn, Yorkshire

Waldren¹,

Etherington²,

Davies³

1989

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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Geum urbanum L. (Rosaceae) at Malham Tarn, Yorkshire. A large population of Geum rivale, G. urbanum and their hybrids at Malham Tarn, Yorkshire were examined morphometrically. Principal components analysis and cluster analysis of various floral and vegetative characters scored from 203 individuals completely separated the parent species. A few hybrids were grouped with G. urbanum, and some were grouped separately from either parent species, but many others were grouped with G. rivale. This confirmed subjective visual examination of the population, which suggested that while hybrids remained distinct from G. urbanum, the delimitation of hybrids from G. rivale was difficult and not practical. Measurements of soil water content and of transmitted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) indicated that the habitat range of G. urbanum at Malham Tarn was limited to well‐drained shady sites, while G. rivale occurred in sites with a very varied degree of shading and soil water content. Hybrids were most frequent and most variable in the well‐drained and heavily shaded ‘urbanum‐type’ habitats. Hybrids very similar to G. rivale were found in waterlogged sites, but in unshaded sites only G. rivale occurred, with little evidence of hybridization. The availability of intermediate ‘hybrid’ habitats was not a major factor in determining the pattern of morphological variation in the hybrid population, and a number of alternative hypotheses are suggested.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Morphological Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybridization and ecology of Geum rivale L. and Geum urbanum L. (Rosaceae) at Malham Tarn, Yorkshire

Waldren¹,

Etherington²,

Davies³

1989

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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“…Thus, a further possible reason for failing to detect F2s in the hybrid swarm is the lack of discriminatory power based on the genetic markers available. It is interesting to note that in previous studies of Geum hybrid swarms, individuals have been found resembling G. urbanum morphologically but displaying tolerance of waterlogging and manganese, adaptive characters normally associated with G. rivale (Waldren et al, 1987(Waldren et al, , 1988. Such individuals could represent inbreeding lines derived from F1s carrying limited genetic contributions from G. rivale, which confer adaptation to waterlogged conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early evolution in a hybrid swarm between outcrossing and selfing lineages in Geum

2011

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Although often considered as evolutionary dead ends, selfing taxa may make an important contribution to plant evolution through hybridization with related outcrossing lineages. However, there is a shortage of studies examining the evolutionary dynamics of hybridization between outcrossing and selfing taxa. On the basis of differential pollinator attractiveness, production and competitive ability of pollen, as well as levels of inbreeding depression, we predict that the early products of hybridization between outcrossing and selfing lineages will be F1s and first-generation backcrosses sired mainly by the outcrossing lineage, together with selfed F2s containing a limited genetic contribution from the outcrosser. These predictions were tested using amplified fragment length polymorphism and chloroplast markers to analyze the composition of a recent hybrid swarm between predominantly outcrossing Geum rivale and predominantly selfing Geum urbanum. In line with predictions, the hybrid swarm comprised both parental species together with F1s and first-generation backcrosses to G. rivale alone. Chloroplast data suggested that G. rivale was the pollen parent for both observed hybrid classes. However, there was no evidence for F2 individuals, despite the fact that the F1 was fully self-compatible and able to auto-pollinate. The pollen fertility of F1s was only 30% lower than that of the parental taxa, and was fully restored in backcross hybrids. Predicting future evolution in the hybrid swarm will require an understanding of the mating patterns within and among the mix of parental, F1 and backcross genotypes that are currently present. However, these results support the hypothesis that introgression is likely to be asymmetrical from selfing to outcrossing lineages.

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“…Low oxygen availability reduces respiration and growth in nonadapted roots (Laan et al, 1990(Laan et al, , 1991 and can eventually lead to the death of root meristems. Some microorganisms use electron acceptors other than oxygen for respiration under these conditions (Laanbroek, 1990), resulting in the formation of potentially phytotoxic metal ions such as Fe# + (Ponnamperuma, 1972 ;Laan et al, 1989b) and Mn# + (Ponnamperuma, 1972 ;Waldren et al, 1987), and anions like sulphide (Lamers et al, *Author for correspondence (tel j31 24 3653382 ; fax j31 24 3652409 ; e-mail ericv!sci.kun.nl). 1998).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flooding tolerance of Carex species in relation to field distribution and aerenchyma formation

et al. 2000

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The flooding tolerance of Carex species was studied in relation to their field distribution and their capacity to form root aerenchyma under controlled conditions. In an alpine meadow, six Carex species were selected which were distributed in a clear zonation correlating with water content of the soil. Carex sempervirens and C. ferruginea were only found on nonflooded soil, the latter species preferring moister conditions. Carex davalliana and C. nigra were both associated with water-saturated soil, whereas C. limosa and C. rostrata preferred partially submerged conditions. Carex davalliana and C. limosa were bound to flooded soils with a relatively high redox potential and horizontally flowing groundwater. Carex rostrata and C. nigra grew in stagnant soil-flooded conditions with low soil redox potentials. The amount of aerenchyma in the roots of all species increased when grown in oxygendeficient stagnant agar. This increase in root porosity, combined with increased root diameter, presumably improved internal aeration of the roots. Although all species survived experimental soil flooding, partial submergence was lethal to C. sempervirens and, surprisingly, also to the wetland species C. davalliana. Carex ferruginea showed a reduced growth rate during partial submergence. The three other species, all wetland plants, reached highest biomass production under soil-flooded and partially submerged conditions, with slower growth on free-draining soil. It is concluded that aerenchyma is not constitutive in the Carex species under study, and is best developed in Carex species from wetlands. Species with less aerenchyma perform poorly when soilflooded, but conditions of partial submergence could even affect species with a considerable amount of root aerenchyma.

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THE EFFECT OF MANGANESE ON ROOT EXTENSION OF GEUM RIVALE L., G. URBANUM L. AND THEIR HYBRIDS

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

Hybridization and ecology of Geum rivale L. and Geum urbanum L. (Rosaceae) at Malham Tarn, Yorkshire

Hybridization and ecology of Geum rivale L. and Geum urbanum L. (Rosaceae) at Malham Tarn, Yorkshire

Early evolution in a hybrid swarm between outcrossing and selfing lineages in Geum

Flooding tolerance of Carex species in relation to field distribution and aerenchyma formation

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