“…A number of studies in the 1980s focused exclusively on the role of medical malpractice in physicians' obstetrical care practice decisions (Calonge, 1988;Chappell, Cianciolo, Harris, & Denton, 1990;Fondren & Ricketts, 1993;Gordon, et al, 1987;Greer, et al, 1992;Kruse, et al, 1989;Langholz & Ricketts, 1989, Nesbitt, Scherger, & Tanji, 1992. The results of later studies suggest that a combination of professional and personal reasons may influence these decisions (Nesbitt, Connell, Hart, & Rosenblatt, 1991;Nolan, 1990;Rosenblatt, et al, 1990;OTA, 1990).…”