The effect of magnetospheric ion bombardment on the reflectance of Europa's surface

Sack, Norbert; Johnson, R. E.; Boring, J. W.; Baragiola, R. A.

doi:10.1016/0019-1035(92)90116-o

Cited by 65 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…S implantation has been thought to produce SO 2 trapped in the ice (Lane et al, 1981; M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 5 1995McCord et al, 1997). However Sack et al (1992) showed that the UV absorption feature seen in the laboratory for sulfur ion implantation differs somewhat from that in the Lane et al (1981) observations. Based on experiments of electron irradiation of sulfur grains in ice, some authors correlated the possible presence of hydrated sulfuric acid on Europa with a radiolytic sulfur cycle (Carlson et al 1999b;Carlson et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…A noteworthy exception is the case of SO 2 . It has been detected, by space UV observations, on Europa and Callisto (Lane et al 1981;Lane and Domingue 1997;Noll et al 1995Noll et al , 1997 and it has been interpreted as possibly formed by magnetospheric sulfur implanted in water ice (Lane et al 1981, Sack et al 1992. Carlson et al (1999b) evaluated the amount of sulfur bearing species possibly present in the observable Europa surface layers (about 200 micrometers thick).…”

Section: Inset Herementioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrate sulfuric acid after sulfur implantation in water ice

Strazzulla

Baratta

Leto

et al. 2007

Icarus

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For many years an ongoing research program performed at our laboratory has had the aim to investigate the implantation of reactive ions in ices relevant to planetology by using IR spectroscopy. We present new results obtained by implanting 200 keV sulfur ions into water ice at 80K. We have looked at the formation of sulfur-bearing molecules such as sulfuric acid, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. We find that hydrated sulfuric acid is formed with high yield (0.65 ± 0.1 molecules/ion). An upper limit to the production yield of SO 2 (Y≤ 0.025 molelcules/ion) has been estimated; no hydrogen sulfide has been detected. The formation of hydrogen peroxide is confirmed. Ozone is not detected. The results are discussed relevant to the inquiry on the radiolytic sulfur cycle considered responsible for the formation of sulfur-bearing molecules on the surfaces of the Galilean satellites. We demonstrate that sulfur implantation efficiently forms hydrated sulfuric acid whose observed abundance is explained as caused by an exogenic process. It is more difficult to say if the observed sulfur dioxide is quantitatively supported by only sulfur implantation; additional experimental studies are necessary along with direct observations, especially at UV wavelengths such as those that could be performed by instruments on board Hubble Space Telescope or by the forthcoming World Space Observatory (WSO/UV).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Inset Herementioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrate sulfuric acid after sulfur implantation in water ice

Strazzulla

Baratta

Leto

et al. 2007

Icarus

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“…An independent determination was made from the total quantity of gas condensed on the film, calculated from the decrease of pressure in the manifold feeding the gas doser, and the area of the deposit. [Sack et al 1991[Sack et al , 1992, 1993], we used thick ice films deposited On rigid substrates; those ice films appeared frosty, possibly due to multiple fractures. In the current experiments, visual inspection of the ice films of water or water-oxygen mixtures up to ~3 mm thick showed them to be highly transparent (less scattering than pure oxygen films); the optical band depth corresponds to path lengths near a millimeter.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory studies of the optical properties and stability of oxygen on Ganymede

Baragiola¹,

Bahr²

1998

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. We present measurements of the optical properties of solid 02 and O2:H20 films and on the stability of oxygen in water ice at different temperatures. The experiments are meant to test hypotheses for the location of condensed molecular oxygen in Ganymede. We find that oxygen is not retained in water ice at Ganymede's recorded surface temperatures and analyze current questions associated with the existence of oxygen in this Jovian moon. The results suggest that solid oxygen and possibly other condensed gases exist on cold patches on the heterogeneous Ganymede's surface.

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“…Leading/trailing hemisphere albedo and colour ratio asymmetries have been previously reported for both Ganymede (Clark et al 1986;Calvin et al 1995) and more significantly for Europa (McEwen 1986;Sack et al 1992). For Ganymede, the leading hemisphere has a measurably higher ratio in the green/violet colour ratio ($0.79) than the trailing hemisphere ($0.73), implying a greater abundance of fine-grained frost on the leading hemisphere.…”

Section: Space Weather Interactions In the Solar Systemmentioning

confidence: 74%

Planetary space weather: scientific aspects and future perspectives

Plainaki

Lilensten

Radioti

et al. 2016

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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In this paper, we review the scientific aspects of planetary space weather at different regions of our Solar System, performing a comparative planetology analysis that includes a direct reference to the circum-terrestrial case. Through an interdisciplinary analysis of existing results based both on observational data and theoretical models, we review the nature of the interactions between the environment of a Solar System body other than the Earth and the impinging plasma/radiation, and we offer some considerations related to the planning of future space observations. We highlight the importance of such comparative studies for data interpretations in the context of future space missions (e.g. ESA JUICE; ESA/JAXA BEPI COLOMBO). Moreover, we discuss how the study of planetary space weather can provide feedback for better understanding the traditional circumterrestrial space weather. Finally, a strategy for future global investigations related to this thematic is proposed.

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The effect of magnetospheric ion bombardment on the reflectance of Europa's surface

Cited by 65 publications

References 38 publications

Hydrate sulfuric acid after sulfur implantation in water ice

Hydrate sulfuric acid after sulfur implantation in water ice

Laboratory studies of the optical properties and stability of oxygen on Ganymede

Planetary space weather: scientific aspects and future perspectives

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