The effect of magnetic field on the electrodeposition of CoFe alloys

Koza, Jakub Adam; Uhlemann, Margitta; Mickel, C.; Gebert, A.; Schultz, L.

doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2009.01.036

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Please note that there is no Rms value given for layer deposited from electrolyte B at −1480 mV MSE . This is because the surface of the deposit obtained at this potential appeared black due to a very high interfacial pH value resulting in a precipitation of hydroxides [24], which disqualifies the layer from any further morphological or magnetic investigations [12]. As it is visible from Table 3 a magnetic field impact on the morphology is also strongly dependent of the applied potential, i.e.…”

Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 94%

“…This influence is mainly caused by changes, which are induced to the layer morphology [7,12,35,36], structure, phase composition, and texture [2,34,35]. Moreover, the internal stress state of the films [2,7,12,34,35] plays a significant role due to magneto-elastic interactions. As shown in previous sections, the superimposition of magnetic fields influences the morphology and internal stress state of the layer, and thus it is expected that the magnetic properties are affected as well.…”

Section: Magnetic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been observed that a superimposition of a parallelto-electrode magnetic field reduces the layer roughness [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] and decreases the grain size [7][8][9]10] as well. In this magnetic fieldto-electrode configuration the Lorentz force is maximal, leading to a strong MHD stirring of the electrolyte, which is responsible for the observed effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrocrystallisation of CoFe alloys under the influence of external homogeneous magnetic fields—Properties of deposited thin films

Koza¹,

Karnbach²,

Uhlemann³

et al. 2010

Electrochimica Acta

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Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Magnetic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrocrystallisation of CoFe alloys under the influence of external homogeneous magnetic fields—Properties of deposited thin films

Koza¹,

Karnbach²,

Uhlemann³

et al. 2010

Electrochimica Acta

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“…These results show that the roughness of electrodeposited layers from EMIC/EG is lower than that with layers electrodeposited from aqueous solution. [18] Koza et al [33] investigated the influence of PPMF on the dendrites and branches during electrodeposition, but the smoothness effect of the magnetic field on the electrodeposition process is still unclear. Nikolic´et al [18] suggested that the PPMF has a smoothness effect in the double layer vicinity of the electrodeposited surface where the arraying of ions could take place during the electrodeposition process.…”

Section: Afm Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal and Anomalous Codeposition of Ni-Co-Fe-Zn Alloys from EMIC/EG in the Presence of an External Magnetic Field

Ebadi

Basirun

Alias

et al. 2011

Metall Mater Trans A

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The codeposition of Ni-Co-Fe-Zn alloys from a mixture of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIC)/ethylene glycol (EG) was studied using potentiostatic electrodeposition in the potential range of -1.10 and -1.30 V vs saturated calomel electrode (SCE), using a permanent parallel magnetic field (PPMF) of 9 T. The uniform magnetic field was aligned parallel to the cathode surface. It was found that both normal and anomalous codeposition occurred. Films with different elemental percentage and deposit morphology were obtained from a mixture of EMIC/EG solution at the applied potentials (-1.10 and -1.30 V) in the absence and presence of a PPMF. The influence of magnetic field on the nucleation and growth process is studied with respect to the magneto-hydrodynamic effect (MHD) and applied potentials.

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“…Noticeably, when the magnetic field is perpendicular to the electrode surface, the micro-MHD effect on the fluctuated surface and the vertical MHD effect around the electrode edge make significant influences on electrodeposition. 18,19 Koza et al 20 have electrodeposited CoFe films in the magnetic field up to 1T parallel to the electrode surface. In this case, the results showed that the films deposited in magnetic field appear smoother and more homogenous than the ones without magnetic field.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring the Morphology, Structure and Magnetic Properties of Electrodeposited CoFe Films onto Si(100) by In-Situ Uniform and Gradient High Magnetic Fields

Gao

Wang

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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In this work uniform high magnetic field of up to 12 tesla and well-defined magnetic field gradients were in-situ applied during the electrodeposition process of CoFe alloy films on Si(100) substrate with Ni seed-layer. The evolution of morphology obtained by LSCM and AFM revealed that the electrodeposition under uniform or gradient magnetic fields provides advantage of forming high quality films with small grains size and low surface roughness. The X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that the crystalline structure of the films changed with the increase of magnetic flux density from face-centered cubic (fcc) at 0 T to body-centered cubic (bcc) at 12 T. However, the formation of a mixture phase (fcc+bcc) under gradient magnetic fields reflected a negative effect of the field gradient force on the transformation from fcc phase to bcc phase. With increasing magnetic flux density (B), the saturation magnetization (Ms) and coercive force (Hc) of the films increased, while in the case of B = 12 T, both of Ms and Hc decreased. It could be ascribed to the changes in the chemical composition and the formation of the mixture phases, due to the combined effects of the paramagnetic force, micro-MHD and the field gradient force under different magnetic field conditions. Soft magnetic films have been widely used in the fields of magnetic recordings, magnetic sensors and micro-electromechanical system (MEMS). 1-2 As a kind of typical soft magnetic materials, CoFe alloy films exhibit the highest saturation magnetization of 2.45 T and lower coercivity of about 2 Oe. 1 The magnetic properties of CoFe films depend on their morphology, crystal structure and composition. Although there are many methods available for the preparation of CoFe films, such as sputtering, molecular beam epitaxy, ion beam deposition and so on, 3-5 electrodeposition shows low cost, high efficiency and no size or shape limit for the preparation of nano-scale films.However, it's not easy to control the growth and morphology of CoFe films accurately in the complex circumstances. The morphology and microstructure, which largely affect the magnetic properties of CoFe films, are often determined by the deposition conditions such as the pH value, 6 deposition potential, 7 addition agents 8 and so on. Moreover, the addition of the sulfur and boron containing surfactants was verified to contaminate the CoFe films, damaging the magnetic performance. 9 In recent years, magnetoelectrodeposition, 10 as an emerging interdisciplinary field, has received broad attention from a number of research groups. 11 It is known that magnetic field has remarkable influences on the movement of electroactive species, increasing the limiting current density 12 and causing the changes of the morphology 13-15 and composition 16 of the deposited films. The major effects of magnetic field on the electrodeposition process can be explained with magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effect induced by Lorentz force ( F L = j × B, where j is thr current density in A m −2 , B is the applied field in tesla...

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The effect of magnetic field on the electrodeposition of CoFe alloys

Cited by 23 publications

References 12 publications

Electrocrystallisation of CoFe alloys under the influence of external homogeneous magnetic fields—Properties of deposited thin films

Electrocrystallisation of CoFe alloys under the influence of external homogeneous magnetic fields—Properties of deposited thin films

Normal and Anomalous Codeposition of Ni-Co-Fe-Zn Alloys from EMIC/EG in the Presence of an External Magnetic Field

Tailoring the Morphology, Structure and Magnetic Properties of Electrodeposited CoFe Films onto Si(100) by In-Situ Uniform and Gradient High Magnetic Fields

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