The effect of low-pressure blast-wave exposure on middle aged rats

Individualized high-resolution analysis to categorize diverse learning and memory deficits in tau rTg4510 mice exposed to low-intensity blast

“…Over the past decade, numerous animal models have been crafted to gain a deeper understanding of the distinctive aspects of brain damage induced by blast, aiming to replicate “real-world scenarios” of mTBI ( Cernak et al, 2011 ; Rubovitch et al, 2011 , 2017 ; Zuckerman et al, 2017 , 2019 ; Song et al, 2018a , b ; Hoffman et al, 2020 ; Chen et al, 2022 ). Research involving live animals has broadened our comprehension of impairments and abnormalities in the brain due to blast across various levels (molecular, cellular, and behavioral) and the progression observed at different post-injury timepoints ( Rubovitch et al, 2011 , 2017 ; Zuckerman et al, 2017 , 2019 ; Chen et al, 2018 , 2022 ; Song et al, 2018a , c , 2019 ; Konan et al, 2019 ; Herzog et al, 2020 ; Hoffman et al, 2020 ; Siedhoff et al, 2022 ). In individuals affected by blast injury, cognitive disorders, including difficulties in memory, concentration, and deficits in multitasking, can manifest shortly after the injury, and these disorders may persist over a long term, posing a chronic burden for both patients and their families.…”

“…(ii) These tests are based on repeated short (1–2 min) sessions during which the animals are placed in the testing environment and are conducted only during the light or dark phase, and not both. (iii) Unlike clinical studies, where evaluations are conducted at an individual level, most preclinical tests are statistically evaluated at the group level ( Rubovitch et al, 2011 , 2017 ; Zuckerman et al, 2017 , 2019 ; Chen et al, 2018 , 2022 ; Song et al, 2018a , c , 2019 ; Konan et al, 2019 ; Herzog et al, 2020 ; Hoffman et al, 2020 ; Siedhoff et al, 2022 ). Consequently, variations in the analytical approach may constrain the translation of preclinical findings into practical applications in clinical settings.…”