The effect of low concentrations of a polyatomic gas in argon on erosion on copper cathodes in a magnetically rotated arc

Szente, R. N.; Munz, R. J.; Drouet, M.

doi:10.1007/bf01016522

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…For a given current, the velocity of the attachment movement is the principal factor determining cathode erosion. Szente et al [1987a, 1987b] found for a magnetically driven 100A arc between two concentric tubular copper electrodes a relationship for the velocity dependence of the erosion rate…”

Section: Cold Cathodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrode Phenomena in Plasma Torches

Heberlein¹

1999

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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The performance of most plasma generators using electric arcs is determined by the design of the electrodes. While the cathode design is the dominant factor in determining the limitations in torch operating current and power level as well as life between maintenance, the anode design dominates the functional performance for most torches, i.e. the heat and momentum transfer to the materials to be processed. Plasma torch electrodes are conveniently divided into the following categories: (1) thermionic cathode, (2) non‐thermionic (cold) cathode, (3) anode with arc axis and flow perpendicular to the surface, and (4) anode with the arc axis and the flow parallel to the surface. All possible combinations are encountered in commercially available torches. In this review, the performance characteristics of each of these electrode types are discussed.

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Section: Cold Cathodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrode Phenomena in Plasma Torches

Heberlein¹

1999

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…In magnetically rotating arc plasma generators, three arc modes, namely rigid, distorted, and diffuse, have been previously observed. The arc column that rotates around the electrode in a rigid shape is classified as the rigid mode, while the arc column that rotates around the electrode in a constantly changing shape is identified as the distorted mode . When the arc column evolves from a constricted column to a diffuse plasma cloud that occupies the chamber's entire cross section, the arc column is deemed to be operated in the diffuse mode …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of experiments illustrate that the gas pressure and type, magnetic field strength, and other factors produce the different arc modes. For example, Szente et al reported that the injection of very small amounts of various diatomic gases ( N 2 , O 2 , CO 2 , etc.) can change the arc mode from distorted to rigid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Observation of arc modes in a magnetically rotating arc plasma generator

Wang

Cui

Zhang

et al. 2017

Contrib. Plasma Phys

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An arc plasma can present various forms under the influence of an external magnetic field. In this study, a magnetically rotating arc plasma generator has been developed to produce three arc modes, namely rigid arc, distorted arc, and diffuse arc, which are obtained by controlling the gas flow rate. The evolution of these arc modes are experimentally studied and discussed. Results show that, as the gas flow rate increases, the arc mode is first transformed from the rigid to the distorted mode, and then to the diffuse mode. Comparisons show that the location of the arc attachment is a key factor in determining the rigid and distorted modes. The diffuse arc is observed under larger gas flow rates, but the completely diffuse arc can exist only within a narrow range of gas flow rates. Compared to the distorted arc, the diffuse arc has not only better stability but also a wider high-temperature plasma zone, which indicates that the diffuse mode may be more useful in industry. KEYWORDSarc attachment, arc mode, arc voltage, magnetically rotating arc plasma 1

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“…Cathode erosion is a complex process affected by many operating parameters such as the magnetic field strength used to rotate the arc, plasma gas chemistry, arc current and voltage, as well as the characteristics of the electrodes such as the electrode chemistry, geometry, and the cathode microstructure (Ref [3][4][5][6]. Researchers have shown an effect of cathode microstructure on arc attachment, movement, and on its erosion rates ( Ref 7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cathode Microstructure on Arc Velocity and Erosion Rate of Cold-Sprayed Copper Cathodes in a Magnetically Rotated Atmospheric Pressure Arc

2008

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Atmospheric pressure arc velocity and erosion measurements were performed on cold-sprayed cathodes in a continuously running arc system. Ultrahigh purity (99.99% pure) argon was used as plasma forming gas. An external magnetic field of 0.10 T was used to rotate the arc, which was operated at a constant power of 6 kW (40 V). Cathodes having microstructures with mean grain sizes, ranging from 1.12 to 3.06 lm, were produced using cold spraying (CS) and annealing methods. CS cathodes were tested in their as-sprayed state and annealed state. Annealed CS coatings with near equi-axed grains of 2.29 lm average size gave 60% higher steady-state arc velocities and up to 50% lower erosion rates than massive copper cathodes having 20-23 lm average grain size. An effect of cathode microstructure on arc velocity and on arc erosion rates was observed.

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The effect of low concentrations of a polyatomic gas in argon on erosion on copper cathodes in a magnetically rotated arc

Cited by 32 publications

References 4 publications

Electrode Phenomena in Plasma Torches

Electrode Phenomena in Plasma Torches

Observation of arc modes in a magnetically rotating arc plasma generator

Effect of Cathode Microstructure on Arc Velocity and Erosion Rate of Cold-Sprayed Copper Cathodes in a Magnetically Rotated Atmospheric Pressure Arc

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