The Effect of Long Working Hours and Overtime on Occupational Health: A Meta-Analysis of Evidence from 1998 to 2018

Wong, Kapo; Chan, Alan H. S.; Ngan, Shing-Chung

doi:10.3390/ijerph16122102

Cited by 215 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…Long working hours are shown to affect various health outcomes [1,2], especially in cardiovascular diseases [3][4][5][6]. In addition, exceedingly long working hours also deteriorate worker's mental health causing issues such as alcoholism [7], and sleep disturbances [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of overtime work hours with various stress responses in 59,021 Japanese workers: Retrospective cross-sectional study

et al. 2020

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This study aims to clarify the relationships between length of overtime work and various stress responses using large-scale cross-sectional data of Japanese workers. This study's participants are 59,021 Japanese workers in 117 companies. Data was collected by selfreporting questionnaire. The Brief Job Stress Questionnaire was used to measure stress responses on six scales (i.e. "lack of vigor", "irritability", "fatigue", "anxiety", "depression", and "somatic responses"). Length of overtime work hours were classified as 0-20, 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, 51-60, 61-70, 71-80, and >80 hours/month. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the association of stress responses with overtime while adjusting all possible confounders. In result, workers with longer overtime showed significantly higher "irritability", "fatigue", "anxiety", "depression", and "somatic responses" for both genders (p-for-trend <0.001), however, length of overtime was negatively associated with "lack of vigor" among men (p-for-trend <0.001). Men with 61-80 hours of overtime showed high fatigue with high vigor at the same time. Length of overtime was linearly associated with various stress responses, except for "lack of vigor". Length of overtime shows linear associations with various psychosomatic stress responses. However, "lack of vigor" was not consistently associated with overtime. Male workers with 61-80 hours of monthly overtime were more likely to feel vigorous than workers with shorter overtime. However, potential longterm effects of such extreme overtime should not be underestimated and must be paid attention to.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of overtime work hours with various stress responses in 59,021 Japanese workers: Retrospective cross-sectional study

et al. 2020

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“…Nearly one third of hospital workers in our study had to increase their working activity. It represents the rst, well-recognized stress factor, proportional to the increase of worked hours [20]. As expected, health care professionals having to increase their working hours, are those employed either in critical care settings or general practitioners, the rst categories having to be confronted with the CoVid-19 emergency.…”

Section: Demographics Social and Working Distributionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Psychological Impact of a Pandemic Widespread in Healthcare Workers: The Italian and Swiss Perspective Early After of CoVid-19 Outbreak

Uccella

Majno‐Hurst

Uccella

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background. We investigated the COVID19-related psychological impact in healthcare workers three weeks after its onset in Italy and in Italian-speaking regions of Switzerland. All professional groups of public hospitals in Italy and Switzerland were asked to complete a 38 questions online survey investigating demographic, marital and working status, presence of stress symptoms and need for psychological support. Results. Within 38 hours a total of 3,038 responses were collected. The subgroup analysis identified specific categories at risk according to age, type of work and region of origin. Critical care workers, in particular females, reported an increased number of working hours, decline in confidence in the future, presence of stress symptoms and need for psychological support. People reporting stress symptoms and those with children declared a higher need for psychological support. Conclusions. The large number of participants in such a short time advocates for a high interest on topic among hospital workers. The COVID19 outbreak could have been and still be a repeated trauma for many health professionals, with risk of future psychiatric sequelae. It is of outstanding importance to implement short and long-term measures to mitigate impact of the emotional burden of this pandemic while at the same time dealing with its clinical challenges.

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“…Making the workplace happier and more attractive can be achieved through different ways. For example, making workload achievable and fair as continuously doing heavy work has been shown to increase the risk of absenteeism (5). Additionally, dealing with any workplace con ict quickly and fairly is essential to reduce work related stress (43).…”

Section: How Can We Reduce Sick Leave Abuse and Absenteeism?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Frequent unexpected and/ or prolonged absence from work can have many detrimental effects on patient care and other healthcare workers remaining on duty (4). The other workers have to overwork to compensate, which can increase their stress level and can potentially increase the risk of their mistakes (5). Moreover, it can cost the health organizations and the country a lot of money.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sick Leaves Pattern in A Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Saudi Arabia

Elabd

Alkhenizan

Aldughaither

2020

Preprint

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BACKGROUND : Frequent sick leaves in any healthcare organization is a critical problem that can undermine the patients' care. METHODS : This is a quantitative cross-sectional study looking at the frequency of sick leaves among employees of a large, tertiary healthcare facility in Riyadh. We randomly selected 474 employees, who were seen in family medicine clinics during one-year period. We collected all the data retrospectively from their electronic medical records. Then we reviewed and analyzed all the data using SPSS software. RESULTS : There was no difference in the sick leaves rate between males and females (P-value 0.8618), but we saw a higher rate among younger employees (40 years old or less) compared to those 41 years or older (p-value <0.0001). We also investigated those who took four sick leaves or more during the period of the study, and we found that most of them were mainly nursing staff (31.71%), hospital assistances (24.39%) and housekeepers (14.63%). The commonest cause for taking sick leave in our study was viral upper respiratory tract infection. Therefore, we studied the effect of influenza vaccine on the frequency of sick leaves and we found that those who took the vaccine were less likely to take a leave because of flu (P-value <0.0001, Odd ratio 0.4067 with 95% CI 0.2739-0.608). CONCLUSION : younger employees, nurses, hospital assistants and housekeepers are more likely to take sick leaves. These findings need to be studied further in the future to help us dealing with the problem of absenteeism. Flu is the leading cause for sick leaves and influenza vaccine seemed to reduce its rate. In this study, we also discussed different methods that can be used by any healthcare organization to reduce absence rate.

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The Effect of Long Working Hours and Overtime on Occupational Health: A Meta-Analysis of Evidence from 1998 to 2018

Cited by 215 publications

References 104 publications

Association of overtime work hours with various stress responses in 59,021 Japanese workers: Retrospective cross-sectional study

Association of overtime work hours with various stress responses in 59,021 Japanese workers: Retrospective cross-sectional study

Psychological Impact of a Pandemic Widespread in Healthcare Workers: The Italian and Swiss Perspective Early After of CoVid-19 Outbreak

Sick Leaves Pattern in A Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Saudi Arabia

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